Impact Of Physical Activity On Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer

Question 1

Obesity is associated with

Answer 1

Mental health issues (e.g., depression and ADHD)

Reduced quality of life and physical function

Increased risk for sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, and some autoimmune disorders due to low-grade systemic inflammation

Increased risk for all-cause death including, but not limited to diabetes, heart disease, stroke and some cancers

Question 2

fat that surrounds the internal organs in the abdominal region

Answer 2

Visceral fat

Question 3

excess levels of circulating insulin; indicates progressive insulin resistance as a precursor to diabetes; increases fat storage

Answer 3

Hyperinsulinemia

Question 4

is a chronic disease involving an inability to properly manage blood glucose

Answer 4

Diabetes mellitus

Question 5

autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic atrophy and dysfunction due to compromised beta cells which results in an inability to produce insulin; is hereditary and usually presents early in life

Answer 5

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Question 6

characterized by progressive insulin insensitivity due to hyperinsulinemia, a reduction of insulin production, or both; primarily caused by poor dietary behaviors combined with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle

Represents 90-95% of all cases but is the most preventable

Answer 6

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Question 7

glucose intolerance during pregnancy caused by metabolic disruption due to weight gain and hormonal changes that counteract the function of insulin

Answer 7

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Question 8

Diabetes risk factors

Answer 8

Family history
Obesity
Poor diet
Gestational diabetes
Physical inactivity

Question 9

Retinopathy

Answer 9

small blood vessel disease of the eyes that can result in impaired vision or even blindness; jumping and compressive exercises (e.g., leg press) as well as those that jar the head or lower it below the waist should be avoided

Question 10

Nephropathy

Answer 10

small blood vessel disease of the kidneys; heavy weightlifting or holding one’s breath during exercise should be avoided and proper hydration is crucial

Question 11

Neuropathy

Answer 11

impacts peripheral nerve tissue (often in the hands and feet) which results in weakness, numbness and/or pain; exercises that cause repetitive impact to the hands or feet should be avoided and proper footwear must be worn

Question 12

Cerebrovascular disease:

Answer 12

refers to diseases that impact blood vessels of the brain such as, strokes and aneurysms; is the leading cause of death among diabetics

Question 13

Cancer

Answer 13

abnormal growth of cells that multiply immeasurably, periodically spreading to other tissues (metastasize); refers to >100 distinct diseases that can involve any tissue of the body

second leading cause of the death in the US, but 90-95% of cases are estimated to be related to lifestyle and environmental factors

Correlating factors include: smoking, alcohol, diet (processed/fried foods and red meat), environmental pollutants, radiation, sun exposure, stress, physical inactivity, sexually transmitted diseases and obesity