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imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the major motivations behind imperialism?

A

-EMPIRE
-money: raw materials for factories, new markets
-national pride
-racism, social darwinism
-missionary motives

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2
Q

how did imperialism positvely impact the conquered peoples?

A

-economic growth
-technological growth- railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph lines
-education
-healthcare

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3
Q

how did imperialism negatively impact the conquered peoples?

A

-lost control of land
-destroyed families, ethnic groups, and culture
-slavery
-increased local warfare and political unrest

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4
Q

what role did technology and communication play in imperialism?

A

-it made colonizing areas more efficient
-railroads helped them gain territory
-these were also advantages conquered people gained from being colonized
-new tech like guns helped them conquer easier

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5
Q

what were some of the resistance movements against imperialism and how successful were they?

A

-taiping rebellion: unsuccessful
-boxer rebellion: unsuccessful
-sepoy mutiny: unsuccessful

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6
Q

how did imperialism shape the political/ economic landscape of today?

A

-divided africa in many of the countries it is now
-china and japan now have open trade
-china tries to never put themselves in a position to be humiliated again

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7
Q

is imperilaism a thing of the past or do you see it still present in politics and economics today?

A

-it is still seen today
-while many countries don’t colonize places anymore they still use principles of imperialism
-places still try to conquer or trade with other places to get money

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8
Q

what lessons can wer learn from imperialsim? how can we use these to inform our understanding of modern-day globalization and international relations?

A

-we can learn that we have to respect the value of other people’s culture
-view each person as a child of God and image-bearer
-try to be respectful in all we do
-when we take action that will affect another country consider how it will affect them, not just us

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9
Q

EMPIRE

A

motives for imperialism:
exploratory
military
political
ideological
religious
economic

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10
Q

white man’s burden

A

-piece by ruyard kipling
-idea that many european countries had a duty to spread culture/religion to the less civilized

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11
Q

isolationist policy of japan

A

-national policy of avoiding involvment in world affairs
-had it until meiji restoration

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12
Q

admiral perry’s black ships

A

-U.S. warships that came into edo bay on 1853
-told japan that they had to open trade
-caused meiji resotration

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13
Q

japanese civil war

A

-aka boshin war
-1868-1869
-fought between tokagawa and people who wanted to give power to the emperor

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14
Q

meiji restoration

A

-1853
-japanese industrialization/westernization
-eliminated shogun, daimyo, and samurai
-gave power to emperor
-created 3 branch govt.
-were able to pick and choose what they wanted to use from other western govts

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15
Q

meiji slogan

A

“westernize, industrialize”

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16
Q

meiji industrialization

A

modernized…
-transporation (ports, railroad)
-communication (telegraph, postal system)
-education
-banking system
also…
-sold govt buisnesses to investors/ buisness families

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17
Q

meiji reforms

A

-abolition of feudal system
-land redistribution
-westernized school system (french and german)
-modernized army (prussia)
-built modern navy (britain)
-emperor worship intensified
-more human rights and religious freedoms (america)
-written constitution (german, america)
-modern banking system

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18
Q

meiji world tour

A

-ambassadors sent around the world
-goal was to learn about western industries

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19
Q

japan’s imperialist policies

A

-needed to expand bc they lacked natural resources
-wanted new markets
-wanted to show other countries they were powerful

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20
Q

sino-japanese war

A

-1894-1895
-between japan and china
-showed china was paper tiger but japan was strong
-japan gained its first colonies in manchuria, taiwan, and pescadores islands

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21
Q

russo-japanese war

A

-1904-1905
-between russia and japan
-fought over manchurian territory
-russia was defeated by japanese navy
-showed they could compete with the big powers in europe

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22
Q

east india company

A

-joint-stock trading company
-became defacto government in india
-set up trading posts in india in the 1600s
-started british interest in india

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23
Q

robert clive

A

-english general in EIC
-led battle of plessy and commanded EIC’s private army

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24
Q

jewel in the crown

A

-what britain called india
-there were jewels there
-most valuable british colony

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25
sepoys
-indian troops hired by EIC for private army
26
sepoy mutiny
-sepoys and indian citizens rebelled against EIC and britain -1857 -EIC offended them religiously and culturally
27
scramble for africa
-start of imperialism in africa -rapid invasion by european powers -they all wanted to colonize africa
28
berlin conference
-1885 -held by otto von bismarck -divided up africa between european countries -after leopold seized congo they got scared -eliminated/pverrode most existing forms of african governance
29
terror in belgian congo
-leopold was infamous for his cruelty to them -he was forced to sell congo to the belgian govt
30
king leopold
-belgian king -used christian mission as an excuse to claim congo river -abused congo people to reach higher rubber quota -set off scramble for africa
31
congo free state
-governed by belgium in colonial times
32
queen victoria
-queen of england and ireland -empress of india from 1837-1901 -lived from 1819-1901
33
french foreign legion
-french army -used in france's colonial empire
34
suez canal
-built by egypt after they escaped ottoman rule -financed by french -egypt took out a loan from britain to pay france back -britain took it over eventually -connected red sea to mediteranean
35
french colonial possesions in africa
-algeria -tunis -morocco -madagascar -somalialnd -west africa -sudan (shared w brit)
36
british colonial possesion in africa
-egypt -rhodesia -beuchaland -kenya -sudan (shared w france)
37
geopolitical hotspot
-usually fought over/highly desired because of regions importance to maintaining political supremacy there -usually good for trade or good natural resources
38
russia and great britain in iran (aka persia)
-gb was concerned about russias intentions in india -iran owned land between russia and gb -iran forcced to conceed to gb -oil was found there but they didn't have money to develop it -allowed other western buisnesses to develop it but eventually kicked them out
39
china's response to imperialism
-rejected foreign influence -tried to isolate -eventually rebelled against spheres of influence in boxer rebellion
40
empress cixi (tutzi)
-1862-1908 -sole ruler of china -wanted to update education, diplomatic service, military, and economy (steam factories) -backed by powerful nations bc she wanted advanced
41
trade imbalance
-when one country is buying more than they are getting back in trade -ex gb and china -gb loved tea, silk, porcelian -china only wanted silver -gb didn't have any silver
42
opium war
-1839-1842, 1856-1860 -wars btwn gb and china bc gb was importing opium -ended with chinese treaty to british -allowed foreign trade in more ports and extrateritoritality
43
chinese junk
-chinese boat in navy -not very advanced -eventually destroyed by british navy -designed for long distance commercial travel
44
ethnocentrism
-belief that your culture is better than anyone elses
45
taiping rebellion
-1850-1864 -happened after opium wars -result of bad discipleship -hong xiuquan thought he was the brother of Jesus and was meant to spread peace in china -bloodiest civil war -20+ million lost
46
hong xiuquan
-leader of taiping rebellion -christian confucian/socialist
47
speheres of influence
-france, great britain, germany, japan, and russia all tried ot monopolize trade in a certain area
48
open door policy
-declared/ forced on chinese by john hay -idea that china should be open to all foriegn trade
49
john hay
-us secretary of state -declared open door policy in china
50
social darwinism
-darwins evolutionary theory in terms of powerful nations -if i can conquer you i'm mean to conquer you bc im stronger than you -survival of the fittest
51
david livingstone
-1813-1873 -scottish missionary -first man to "open up" africa -converted many africans to christianity -declared lost and found by henry stanley
52
otto von bismarck
-former chancellor of prussia -became chancellor of germany after he united them -led prussia to victory against austria and france
53
blood and iron
-speech by otto von bismarck -industry and military will unite germany, not talk and ideas
54
franco-prussian war
-war btwn france and prussia that formed germany into a united nation
55
realpolitick
-politics applying to real life/ practical instead of in ideas/ policy
56
ottoman empire
-sick man of europe -had too much territory and not enough resources/power ot govern it
57
great game
-struggle btwn gb and russia to gain control of central asia in 19th century -iran is part of this
58
militarism
-belief that country should have strong miliitary capability
59
imperialism
-strong country seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically
60
nationailsm
-strong feeling of pride/devotion to one's country
61
ethiopia
-only country in africa to not be colonized in scramble for africa
62
cecil rhodes
-british entreprenuer and politician -rhodesia named after him -involved in expansion of british empire from south africa to central africa -involved in attempt to build a railroad from south africa to alexandria
63
south africa
-boer war fought bc of it (boers vs british) -british took control of dutch colony on southern coast of south africa 0boers moved north to esape british (aka great trek)
64
pogram
-organized/ officially encouraged massacre/genocide towards minority, especially to jews (happened in russia) -meant to redirect anger towards govt to someone else
65
repressive rule
-ruler seeks to limit freedom of his ppl through physical restraints

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