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Important Questions-Medicine Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What was the basic idea of the Four Humors?

A

The body is made of Four humors which need to be balanced for someone to be healthy

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2
Q

Give an example of how Galen’s Theory of opposite would treat a fever

A

if they were cold they would be heated up

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3
Q

Why were there very few hospitals in medieval England?

A

They weren’t a lot needed as they were just a place to rest and recuperate

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4
Q

What did Hospitals in medieval England mainly do to help people?

A

Provide a bed and give basic nursing

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5
Q

What is the theory of Miasma

A

Bad air caused illness

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6
Q

How could the theory of miasma be used to prevent illness

A

They would burn stuff and use birds to override the bad air

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7
Q

What did physicians recommend to their rich patients to stay healthy?

A

Wash, good diet and lots of exercise

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8
Q

Give two reasons why the Catholic church prevented new ideas about medicine from becoming popular

A

It could have gone against god

They wanted people to attend church and pray to get rid of their illness

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9
Q

What did Medieval Physicians do?

A

Advised people and prescribed medication

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10
Q

What did a Barber surgeon do?

A

Performed surgical procedures

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11
Q

What did an Apothecary do?

A

Dispenced herbs and medicine and offered medical advice

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12
Q

What did a Medieval Wise Woman do?

A

Gave people herbs as they were skilled in the use of herbs

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13
Q

How did people use God to prevent the Black Death?

A

They would pray so that they didnt get the illness or they would be cured

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14
Q

How did people use the theory of the Four Humors to prevent the black death?

A

They would let blood and purge

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15
Q

How did people use the theory of Miasma to prevent the Black Death?

A

They would burn herbs and other things so the bad air wouldn’t get near them

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16
Q

How might Blood-letting be used

A

When the patient has too much blood, to balance the humors

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17
Q

How might purging be used?

A

They would throw up

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18
Q

How might herbal remedies be used

A

In a drink, to help them

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19
Q

How might praying/fasting be used?

A

They would pray and God would heal them

They would be more healthy

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20
Q

How did the printing press help the spread of medicine?

A

Medical textbooks could be produced cheaply and spread really far

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21
Q

How did Vesalius help increase medical knowledge

A

He employed artists to make accurate drawing of the human body which he put in books which everyone could use

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22
Q

Why was there little progress in medical knowledge during the renaissance?

A

There was a lack of impact or any new ideas or knowledge on how to treat patients

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23
Q

What did James Simpson do to help Medicine?

A

He discovered anasthetic

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24
Q

What did Joseph Lister do to help medicine?

A

He discovered antiseptic (carbolic acid)

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25
What did Florence Nightingale do to help medicine
She trained nurses and taught a higher standard of care
26
What is the Scientific Method?
Systematic observation
27
What did Thomas Sydenham recommend doctors should do to diagnose their patients
Watch and carefully obseve their patients
28
How did William Harvey help increase medical knowledge
He dissected and built up detailed knowledge of the workings of the cardiovascular system
29
How did the Royal Society help spread medical knowledge?
They introduced the worlds first journal exclusively devoted to science
30
How did the Royal Society help spread medical knowledge?
They introduced the worlds first journal exclusively devoted to science
31
What help did the royal society get from King Charles ll
A royal charter
32
What was surgery's black peroid (1850s-70s)
The death rate went up because more complexnsurgery was happening due to the new invention of Chloroform
33
Why did the black period end
Carbolic acid stopped death by infections and doctors got better at surgery so there were less deaths
34
How did Louis Pasteur help medicine?
He discovered germ theory
35
How did Robert Koch help medicine
He discovered the bacteria that causes anthrax, septicaemia, tuberculosis and cholera
36
Give two ways in which hospitals and nurses had improved by 1900
Hospitals had staffed doctors for free | They got better education
37
Who was responsible for the improvements in hospitals
Florence Nightingale
38
What theory did Germ theory replace
Miasma
39
What is the difference between inoculation and vaccination
Innoculation of small pox wasnt very safe and killed children, the vaccination worked better and was safer
40
What was the difference between the public health act of 1848 and 1875
48 was the organisation of public health and was broad | 75 was about urban living conditions
41
Why did the government pass the 1875 Act
a sevre outbreak of cholera
42
Why was Jenner important in preventing smallpox
He came up with inoculation and vaccination
43
How did the government help prevent smallpox
The government pushed it and later made it law
44
How did attitudes help prevent smallpox
People were scared and wanted to stop it
45
What did John Snow discover about Cholera in 1854
It came from contiminated water
46
Why did most people not belive John Snow
They thought it was miasma that caused it
47
What role did Fleming play in creating the First antibiotic
He discovered it
48
What role did Florey and Chain play in creating the first antibiotic
They identifided how it cures bacteria diseases and made it more widely available
49
Why was the NHS set upafter WW2
The government felt the current healthcare system was insufficient and they wanted to give it be be free so everyone could get it
50
Give two examples of treatments you can get on the NHS
Transplants and chemotherapy
51
Give examples of new tech/equipment that was invented since 1900
television-1925 | Hubble telescope-1990
52
What is a Magic Bullet
A drug that targets and kills specific bacteria
53
What is an antibiotic
An antibiotic is a drug that treats bacterial infections
54
Give three reasons why deaths from lung cancer has fallen
We can test for it Less people smoke/do things that cause lung cancer The government has put lots of money into the NHS so we can treat it
55
How can Germs causes disease in the 21st century
They produce toxins that damage cells and cause disease
56
How can Lifestyle causes disease in the 21st century
If you are very unhealthy, have a lack of sleep and poor nutrition it causes disease
57
How can Genetics cause disease in the 21st century
You may be predisposded to get a disease from your parents or a mutation in your DNA
58
Sum up the 1st Battle of Ypres-1914
Small progress with a great cost
59
Sum up the 2nd Battle of Ypres-1914
Chlorine Gas
60
Sum up the Battle of the Somme-1916
The bloodiest Battle
61
Sum up the Battle of Cambrai-1917
Tanks, air power, heavy artillery
62
Sum up the 3rd Battle of Ypres
Muddy, senseless slaughter
63
Describe two ways in which living in the trenches affected soldier's health
It was so wet they would get trench foot and they would get bitten by fleas and rats the size of cats
64
Describe at least 3 new things the army did to prevent to treat trench conditions
Food inspection; Whale fat on their socks and feet; changing into dry clothes and the invention of the Thomas splint
65
What is the difference between antseptic and aseptic surgery
Antiseptic-they would just sprayy carbolic acid and try to kill as much germs as they could Aseptic-They would properly kill all the germs and wash their hands (take lots of precautions)
66
Why did surgeons have to go back to antiseptic surgery during the war
the conditions were so bad so there was a lot of germs and there were too many patients so the had to rush
67
What was No Man's Land
The middle of the battlefield in which no side owned
68
What was a dugout
Where soldiers could eat and rest and it was protection from shells
69
What was a support trench
A second line of protection where extra supplies were kept
70
Describe three types of injuries that soldiers could get from fighting in the trenches
Head wounds Shrapnel woulds losing appendages from explosions
71
Describe two roles of the RAMC
Gave basic treatment and helped dying soldiers feel comfortable
72
Describe two roles of FANY
drove ambulances and helped run field hospitals
73
What were mobile X-ray machines
a x-ray machine that could be drove around around the battlefield
74
What were blood banks
lots of blood that was used to help soldiers (sodium citrate kept it from clotting)
75
How did x-ray machines and blood banks help prevent deaths
x-ray - doctors new exactly where the injury was so they could easily get it out rather than digging around to find it Blood banks-helped people as they rarely bled out after the banks
76
Describe what strecher-bearers did
picked up soldiers on the battle field and brought them back to the RAP
77
Describe what the Regimental Aid Post did
gave basic help
78
Describe what happened at the dressing station
They dressed wounds
79
What happened at the Casualty Clearing Station
They did basic surgery and helped evac
80
What happened at the Base Hospitals
They did surgery far away from the front line and treated shellshock and did plastic surgery

History (4 decks)

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