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History > Important Questions-Medicine > Flashcards

Important Questions-Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What was the basic idea of the Four Humors?

A

The body is made of Four humors which need to be balanced for someone to be healthy

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2
Q

Give an example of how Galen’s Theory of opposite would treat a fever

A

if they were cold they would be heated up

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3
Q

Why were there very few hospitals in medieval England?

A

They weren’t a lot needed as they were just a place to rest and recuperate

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4
Q

What did Hospitals in medieval England mainly do to help people?

A

Provide a bed and give basic nursing

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5
Q

What is the theory of Miasma

A

Bad air caused illness

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6
Q

How could the theory of miasma be used to prevent illness

A

They would burn stuff and use birds to override the bad air

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7
Q

What did physicians recommend to their rich patients to stay healthy?

A

Wash, good diet and lots of exercise

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8
Q

Give two reasons why the Catholic church prevented new ideas about medicine from becoming popular

A

It could have gone against god

They wanted people to attend church and pray to get rid of their illness

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9
Q

What did Medieval Physicians do?

A

Advised people and prescribed medication

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10
Q

What did a Barber surgeon do?

A

Performed surgical procedures

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11
Q

What did an Apothecary do?

A

Dispenced herbs and medicine and offered medical advice

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12
Q

What did a Medieval Wise Woman do?

A

Gave people herbs as they were skilled in the use of herbs

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13
Q

How did people use God to prevent the Black Death?

A

They would pray so that they didnt get the illness or they would be cured

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14
Q

How did people use the theory of the Four Humors to prevent the black death?

A

They would let blood and purge

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15
Q

How did people use the theory of Miasma to prevent the Black Death?

A

They would burn herbs and other things so the bad air wouldn’t get near them

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16
Q

How might Blood-letting be used

A

When the patient has too much blood, to balance the humors

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17
Q

How might purging be used?

A

They would throw up

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18
Q

How might herbal remedies be used

A

In a drink, to help them

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19
Q

How might praying/fasting be used?

A

They would pray and God would heal them

They would be more healthy

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20
Q

How did the printing press help the spread of medicine?

A

Medical textbooks could be produced cheaply and spread really far

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21
Q

How did Vesalius help increase medical knowledge

A

He employed artists to make accurate drawing of the human body which he put in books which everyone could use

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22
Q

Why was there little progress in medical knowledge during the renaissance?

A

There was a lack of impact or any new ideas or knowledge on how to treat patients

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23
Q

What did James Simpson do to help Medicine?

A

He discovered anasthetic

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24
Q

What did Joseph Lister do to help medicine?

A

He discovered antiseptic (carbolic acid)

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25
Q

What did Florence Nightingale do to help medicine

A

She trained nurses and taught a higher standard of care

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26
Q

What is the Scientific Method?

A

Systematic observation

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27
Q

What did Thomas Sydenham recommend doctors should do to diagnose their patients

A

Watch and carefully obseve their patients

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28
Q

How did William Harvey help increase medical knowledge

A

He dissected and built up detailed knowledge of the workings of the cardiovascular system

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29
Q

How did the Royal Society help spread medical knowledge?

A

They introduced the worlds first journal exclusively devoted to science

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30
Q

How did the Royal Society help spread medical knowledge?

A

They introduced the worlds first journal exclusively devoted to science

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31
Q

What help did the royal society get from King Charles ll

A

A royal charter

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32
Q

What was surgery’s black peroid (1850s-70s)

A

The death rate went up because more complexnsurgery was happening due to the new invention of Chloroform

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33
Q

Why did the black period end

A

Carbolic acid stopped death by infections and doctors got better at surgery so there were less deaths

34
Q

How did Louis Pasteur help medicine?

A

He discovered germ theory

35
Q

How did Robert Koch help medicine

A

He discovered the bacteria that causes anthrax, septicaemia, tuberculosis and cholera

36
Q

Give two ways in which hospitals and nurses had improved by 1900

A

Hospitals had staffed doctors for free

They got better education

37
Q

Who was responsible for the improvements in hospitals

A

Florence Nightingale

38
Q

What theory did Germ theory replace

A

Miasma

39
Q

What is the difference between inoculation and vaccination

A

Innoculation of small pox wasnt very safe and killed children, the vaccination worked better and was safer

40
Q

What was the difference between the public health act of 1848 and 1875

A

48 was the organisation of public health and was broad

75 was about urban living conditions

41
Q

Why did the government pass the 1875 Act

A

a sevre outbreak of cholera

42
Q

Why was Jenner important in preventing smallpox

A

He came up with inoculation and vaccination

43
Q

How did the government help prevent smallpox

A

The government pushed it and later made it law

44
Q

How did attitudes help prevent smallpox

A

People were scared and wanted to stop it

45
Q

What did John Snow discover about Cholera in 1854

A

It came from contiminated water

46
Q

Why did most people not belive John Snow

A

They thought it was miasma that caused it

47
Q

What role did Fleming play in creating the First antibiotic

A

He discovered it

48
Q

What role did Florey and Chain play in creating the first antibiotic

A

They identifided how it cures bacteria diseases and made it more widely available

49
Q

Why was the NHS set upafter WW2

A

The government felt the current healthcare system was insufficient and they wanted to give it be be free so everyone could get it

50
Q

Give two examples of treatments you can get on the NHS

A

Transplants and chemotherapy

51
Q

Give examples of new tech/equipment that was invented since 1900

A

television-1925

Hubble telescope-1990

52
Q

What is a Magic Bullet

A

A drug that targets and kills specific bacteria

53
Q

What is an antibiotic

A

An antibiotic is a drug that treats bacterial infections

54
Q

Give three reasons why deaths from lung cancer has fallen

A

We can test for it

Less people smoke/do things that cause lung cancer

The government has put lots of money into the NHS so we can treat it

55
Q

How can Germs causes disease in the 21st century

A

They produce toxins that damage cells and cause disease

56
Q

How can Lifestyle causes disease in the 21st century

A

If you are very unhealthy, have a lack of sleep and poor nutrition it causes disease

57
Q

How can Genetics cause disease in the 21st century

A

You may be predisposded to get a disease from your parents or a mutation in your DNA

58
Q

Sum up the 1st Battle of Ypres-1914

A

Small progress with a great cost

59
Q

Sum up the 2nd Battle of Ypres-1914

A

Chlorine Gas

60
Q

Sum up the Battle of the Somme-1916

A

The bloodiest Battle

61
Q

Sum up the Battle of Cambrai-1917

A

Tanks, air power, heavy artillery

62
Q

Sum up the 3rd Battle of Ypres

A

Muddy, senseless slaughter

63
Q

Describe two ways in which living in the trenches affected soldier’s health

A

It was so wet they would get trench foot and they would get bitten by fleas and rats the size of cats

64
Q

Describe at least 3 new things the army did to prevent to treat trench conditions

A

Food inspection; Whale fat on their socks and feet; changing into dry clothes and the invention of the Thomas splint

65
Q

What is the difference between antseptic and aseptic surgery

A

Antiseptic-they would just sprayy carbolic acid and try to kill as much germs as they could

Aseptic-They would properly kill all the germs and wash their hands (take lots of precautions)

66
Q

Why did surgeons have to go back to antiseptic surgery during the war

A

the conditions were so bad so there was a lot of germs and there were too many patients so the had to rush

67
Q

What was No Man’s Land

A

The middle of the battlefield in which no side owned

68
Q

What was a dugout

A

Where soldiers could eat and rest and it was protection from shells

69
Q

What was a support trench

A

A second line of protection where extra supplies were kept

70
Q

Describe three types of injuries that soldiers could get from fighting in the trenches

A

Head wounds
Shrapnel woulds
losing appendages from explosions

71
Q

Describe two roles of the RAMC

A

Gave basic treatment and helped dying soldiers feel comfortable

72
Q

Describe two roles of FANY

A

drove ambulances and helped run field hospitals

73
Q

What were mobile X-ray machines

A

a x-ray machine that could be drove around around the battlefield

74
Q

What were blood banks

A

lots of blood that was used to help soldiers (sodium citrate kept it from clotting)

75
Q

How did x-ray machines and blood banks help prevent deaths

A

x-ray - doctors new exactly where the injury was so they could easily get it out rather than digging around to find it

Blood banks-helped people as they rarely bled out after the banks

76
Q

Describe what strecher-bearers did

A

picked up soldiers on the battle field and brought them back to the RAP

77
Q

Describe what the Regimental Aid Post did

A

gave basic help

78
Q

Describe what happened at the dressing station

A

They dressed wounds

79
Q

What happened at the Casualty Clearing Station

A

They did basic surgery and helped evac

80
Q

What happened at the Base Hospitals

A

They did surgery far away from the front line and treated shellshock and did plastic surgery

History (4 decks)

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