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VM638: Parasitology > Important Terms (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Important Terms (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Direct Life Cycle

A

No intermediate host required

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2
Q

Indirect Life Cycle

A

Have a definitive host and 1 or more intermediate hosts

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3
Q

Symbiosis

A

Any two organisms living in close association, commonly one living in or on the body of the other

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4
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits, the other is not helped or harmed

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5
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit, usually obligatory

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6
Q

Phoresis

A

“Traveling together”
No physiological or biochemical dependence
Mechanically carried by the other

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7
Q

Obligatory parasite

A

Cannot complete life cycle without a suitable host

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8
Q

Facultative Parasite

A

May resort to parasitic activity, but is not required for completion of life cycle

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9
Q

Accidental Parasite

A

Attack or establish themselves in unusual hosts (hosts they do not normally parasitize)

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10
Q

Temporary/Intermittent Parasite

A

Spend only part of their lives as a parasite and another part as a free-living organisms

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11
Q

Definitive Host

A

Where sexual reproduction takes place

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12
Q

Intermediate Host

A

A host used by a parasite in the course of its lifecycle and in which it may multiply asexually but not sexually

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13
Q

Paratenic Host

A

No development takes place, but parasite remains alive and is infective to the next host, bridges ecological gap

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14
Q

Reservoir Host

A

An animal harboring infection that can be transmitted to humans

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15
Q

Zoonoses

A

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans

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16
Q

Apicomplexans

A

In motile form, have an apical complex

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17
Q

Trophozoites

A

Growing state in the life cycle, where they are absorbing nutrients from the host

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18
Q

Cysts

A

A hardy form of the parasite, often allowing it to withstand harsh environmental conditions

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19
Q

Specific Gravity

A

The ratio of density of a substance to the density of water

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20
Q

Sheather’s Sugar

A

Bought pre-made sugar and salt solution with a touch of preservative so that is can be kept at room temp and so that other things dont grow in it

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21
Q

Excystation

A

The stage in which a parasite escaped from a cyst

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22
Q

Encystment

A

The stage in which a parasite becomes a cyst

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23
Q

Prepatent Period

A

The period between infection with a parasite and when it can reproduce

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24
Q

Flagellates

A

Have flagella

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25
Q

Sporulated Oocysts

A

Infective form of oocyst

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26
Q

Percutaneous

A

Effected through the skin

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27
Q

Transmammary

A

Vertical transmission across mammary glands (via milk)

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28
Q

Transplacental

A

Vertical transmission across placenta

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29
Q

Tissue Cyst

A

Cysts found in tissues

30
Q

Parthenogenic

A

Reproduction of an ovum without fertilization

31
Q

Homogonic

A

L1 larvae leaves host develops into L3 parasitic female

32
Q

Heterogonic

A

L1 larvae leaves host develops into free-living adult male or female (more steps to get to L3)

33
Q

Hyperinfection

A

Repeated infection with larvae produced by parasitic worms already in the body due to the ability of various parasites to complete the life cycle within a single host

34
Q

Hexacanth Embryo

A

Embryo with six hooks inside tapeworm egg

35
Q

Metacestode

A

Larval stages of tapeworms

36
Q

Proglottids

A

Individual tapeworm segments

37
Q

Species Specificity

A

The number and identity of host species that are used by a parasite population

38
Q

Rostellum

A

Small process resembling a beak in tapeworms

39
Q

Cysticercoid

A

Larval tapeworm form in arthropods

40
Q

Microfilariae

A

An early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family (heartworm)

41
Q

Wolbachia sp.

A

Endosymbiont that lives in heartworm, targeted by certain antibiotics

42
Q

Oocyst

A

Cystic, resistant form of coccidia

43
Q

Sporocyst

A

Cyst secreted by some sporozoans preliminary to sporogony

44
Q

Sporozoite

A

A motile spore-like stage in the life cycle

45
Q

Trophozoite

A

a growing stage in the life cycle

46
Q

Diplomonad

A

Group of flagellates, binary axial symmetry of the cell body
Giardia

47
Q

Immunoodiagnostics

A

Analytical methods using antibodies as reagents

48
Q

Baermann

A

For detecting larvae
Lots of free living nematodes
Have to be able to tell if larvae parasitic or not
Funnel

49
Q

McMaster’s

A

Counts egg/gram
w dilution techniques

50
Q

Knott’s Test

A

Detects microfilariae in blood smear from HW or another nematode

51
Q

Sedimentation

A

Detects eggs that are too heavy to float as they will sink to the bottom of a column of water

52
Q

Fecal Flotation

A

Want things you care about to rise to the top and debris to fall to bottom

53
Q

Acid Fast

A

Staining technique

54
Q

“Clearing”

A

“Clear” nematodes so that they are translucent and you can see their internal structures

55
Q

Specificity

A

The frequency with which a test shows a true negative result among individuals who do not have the disease or the genetic variant in question

56
Q

Sensitivity

A

The frequency with which a test shows a true positive result among individuals who actually have the disease or the genetic variant in question

57
Q

Merogony/Schizogony

A

Development of an embryo by a process that is genetically equivalent to male parthenogenesis

58
Q

Gamogony/Gametogony

A

The development of merozoites into male and female gametes

59
Q

Sporogony

A

The asexual process of spore formation

60
Q

Macrogamete

A

The larger of a pair of conjugating gametes, usually regarded as female; the larger and usually female gamete of a heterogamous organism

61
Q

Microgamete

A

The smaller and usually male gamete of an organism producing two types of gametes

62
Q

Buccal Cavity

A

Nematodes
Mouth cavity

63
Q

Bursa

A

Nematodes
Males, posterior (hind) end

64
Q

Dioecious

A

Having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals

65
Q

Monoecious

A

Having both the male and female reproductive organs in the same individual; hermaphrodite

66
Q

Acetabula

A

Saucer-shaped organ of attachment in some annelid worms and flatworms; specialized sucker for parasitic adaptation in trematodes by which the worms are able to attach on the host

67
Q

Strobila

A

Cestodes
Chain or proglottids

68
Q

Scolex

A

Tapeworms
Possess a number of structures for attachment depending on the group of tapeworm

69
Q

Holdfast Organs

A

On scolex of cestodes, allows for attachment to host

70
Q

Flagellates

A

Protozoan with one or more flagella for swimming

71
Q

Kinetoplasts

A

A mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus in some flagellate protozoa

VM638: Parasitology (22 decks)

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