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Important Values Flashcards

1
Q

Rank the WBC from most abundant to least:

A 
Neutrophil
lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophils
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2
Q

These two WBC can expected to be seen as increased in asthma

A

Eosinophil & basophils

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3
Q

Name the two most abundant WBC and their percentage & value:

A

Neutrophils: 50-75% 1800-11000 (6x)
Lymphocytes: 20-45%: 900-4500 (5x)

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4
Q

Name the least abundant WBC (3 of them) and their percentages:

A

Monocytes: 2-8% of WBC or 90-1000 (2x4)
Eosinophils: 0-6% or 0-0600
Basophils: 0-1% or 0-100

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5
Q

What percentage of WBC are bands?

A

1-3%

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6
Q

This WBC primary function is to respond to allergy & parasitic infections?

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

This WBC primary function is to release mediators such as histamine in response to allergic reaction?

A

Basophil

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8
Q

This WBC would be decreased in response to stress, corticosteroid use, pregnancy, and hypothyroidism?

A

Basophils

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9
Q

Most short lived of the WBC and its numbers are increased in bacterial infections?

A

Neutrophils

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10
Q

In the case of viral infections you would expect to see which values increased?

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes

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11
Q

This WBC primary function is viral defense and antibody

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

This WBC would be increased during a bacterial infection & decreased in hepatitis, influenza, mumps and overwhelming infections?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

A left shift of neutrophils indicate a ______ ______ ______.

A

acute inflammatory infection

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14
Q

Its primary function is phagocytizes dead and damaged cells, moves into tissue and becomes macrophages?

A

Monocytes

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15
Q

You would expect to see elevated levels of this WBC during Flu, TB HIV, leukemia?

A

Lymphocytes

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16
Q

You would expect to see this WBC decreased during anemia?

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

This WBC is increased during bacterial infections?

A

Neutrophils

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18
Q

This WBC is increased in viral & parasitic infections, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphomas, and sarcoidosis?

A

Monocytes

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19
Q

This WBC is increased during intrinsic asthma, parasitic infections, dermatological disorders, scarlet fever, Addison’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Eosinophils

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20
Q

This WBC is elevated during presence of sarcoidosis?

A

Monocytes

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21
Q

A normal RBC count for males & females is?

A 
M = 4.6-6.2 mill/mm3
F= 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
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22
Q

A normal HGB for males and females is?

A 
M = 14-18 g/dl
F = 12-16 g/dl
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23
Q

A normal HCT for males and females is?

A

M = 42%-52%
F= 37-47%
normally 3 x the Hgb

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24
Q

A normal BUN is _____ mg/dl.

A

6-20 mg/dl

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25
A normal platelet count is ?
150,000 to 350,000 (think 3x)
26
A person with thrombocytopenia can expect their platelet count to be _____ ; the critical level is _____.
Decreased below 100,000
27
A person with thrombocytosis can expect their platelet count to be ______; the critical level is ______.
Increased above 400,000
28
A major cause of thrombocytosis is?
malignancy
29
What is APTT & what is a normal range?
Measures time to clot in seconds; activated partial thromboplastin time Norm: 25-41 seconds
30
What is PT?
Prothrombin time; measures clotting ability of fibrinogen | Normal value: 11-12.5 seconds
31
What is a normal value for Creatinine?
M= 0.7 - 1.3 F = 0.6-1.2 Better indicator of GFR & relates to kidney function better; rises later than BUN & also affected by hepatic function ; chronic process
32
What is lactic acid? And when would it be elevated? And what are normal?
It is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism; increased values are indicators of hypoxia, CHF, hemorrhage & shock Norms: 5-20 mg/dl
33
What is a normal Specific Gravity?
1.003 - 1.030= very narrow; indicates the concentration of urine;
34
More concentrated urine is normally seen in ______; while less concentrated urine or diluted is seen in _______.
More concentrated seen in dehydration; | Less concentrated more diluted seen with high fluid intake or kidney disorders
35
When collecting sputum samples it is important to determine if you have a reliable sample; what can infer a contaminated sample?
A large amount of epithelial cells (greater than 25)
36
The most common cause of bacterial infection is ______ _____.
Streptoococcus pneumonia (gram +)
37
Significant hypoalbuminemia leads to loss of fluid from vascular space and causes ________ including _____ _______.
Edema | Pulmonary Edema
38
The most common screening tests in assessing renal function are ______ and _________.
BUN & Creat
39
Normal serum level is maintained at range of ____ to _____ mg/dl.
7-20 mg/dl
40
When BUN and creat are increased due to renal failure ____ _____ may also be present.
Metabolic acidosis
41
Metabolic acidosis stimulates _____ system to increase ________ and decrease ___________ as a compensatory mechanism.
Respiratory system to increase ventilation and reduce CO2
42
A normal anion gap is _________.
8-16 mEq/L (remember 16 is key)
43
A high anion gap metabolic acidosis is normally caused by ________.
Lactic acid (sepsis), ketoacids, renal failure (sulfates), toxins such as aspirin OD.
44
Clotting depends on an interaction between ____ and ____.
Platelets and Proteins
45
_____ is the protein that carries O2 to tissues and a major component of RBC.
Hb
46
_____ is the ratio of red cell volume to that of whole blood.
HCT also known as packed cell volume
47
_____ is also important to maintain acid base balance by acting as a buffer and by carrying CO2 from tissue to lungs.
Hb
48
In anemia when MCV, MCH, and MCHC is abnormally low then the anemia is called?
microcytic or hypochromic anemia= red cells are smaller than normal and contain a lower Hb
49
When anemia is present but indices are normal the anemia is ___.
Normocytic or normochromic
50
If anemia is present and RBC are larger and has increased MCV then it is called?
macrocytic
51
Severe anemia may cause _____ or ______.
dyspnea or tissue hypoxia
52
The most common type of anemia is _____.
Iron deficiency anemia; can be caused by chronic blood loss; increased RDW is normally seen with this type
53
Patients with elevated RBC and history of smoking may have secondary _________ caused by chronic hypoxemic lung disease.
polycythemia
54
What is a normal glucose?
70-110 mg/dl
55
A normal daily urine output amount is ______ per day.
1200 ml/day
56
A normal albumin level is
3.5-5 g/dl
57
A normal TCO2 is _____.
23-30 mE/L | Crit value < 6
58
``` WBC normal (x10/L) RBC normal (x12/L) ```
4. 5-11.5 | 4. 2-5.4
59
MCV normal: | MCHC normal:
80-96% | 32-36%
60
If a person has anemia, what values would be decreased?
RBC, Hb, Hct
61
Name the 6 electrolytes we commonly see
``` Na Cl Ca K Phosphorous Mg ```
62
Name the values for the electrolytes from highest to lowest:
``` Na- 135-145 mEq/L Chlorine: 98-108 mEq/L Ca: 8.9-10.1 mg/dl K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L P: 2.5-4.5 mg/dl Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L ```
63
Most electrolytes are reported in mEq/L except _____ and _____.
Ca & Phosphorous
64
These two electrolytes have a 2:1 ratio relationship?
Ca to Phosphorous | 2 Ca to 1 Phosphorous
65
Potassium has a direct relationship with this electrolyte; if one decreases so does the other.
Magnesium
66
If you have an increased K level that what would you expect you pH to do? what would the bicarb do?
pH would decrease (inverse) and HCO3 would decrease | K has an inverse relationship with pH
67
Phosphorous has an inverse relationship with ______.
Calcium; when Ca decreases then phosphorous is excreted
68
What is the relationship between pH and Ca?
inverse
69
What vitamin decreases when Ca decreases?
Vit D
70
Albumin levels are directly related to _____ levels.
Calcium
71
When albumin binds to Ca it makes it _______.
Ineffective

ACLS-Adv Cardiac (10 decks)

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