Important Values Flashcards
Rank the WBC from most abundant to least:
Neutrophil lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophils
These two WBC can expected to be seen as increased in asthma
Eosinophil & basophils
Name the two most abundant WBC and their percentage & value:
Neutrophils: 50-75% 1800-11000 (6x)
Lymphocytes: 20-45%: 900-4500 (5x)
Name the least abundant WBC (3 of them) and their percentages:
Monocytes: 2-8% of WBC or 90-1000 (2x4)
Eosinophils: 0-6% or 0-0600
Basophils: 0-1% or 0-100
What percentage of WBC are bands?
1-3%
This WBC primary function is to respond to allergy & parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
This WBC primary function is to release mediators such as histamine in response to allergic reaction?
Basophil
This WBC would be decreased in response to stress, corticosteroid use, pregnancy, and hypothyroidism?
Basophils
Most short lived of the WBC and its numbers are increased in bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
In the case of viral infections you would expect to see which values increased?
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
This WBC primary function is viral defense and antibody
Lymphocytes
This WBC would be increased during a bacterial infection & decreased in hepatitis, influenza, mumps and overwhelming infections?
Neutrophils
A left shift of neutrophils indicate a ______ ______ ______.
acute inflammatory infection
Its primary function is phagocytizes dead and damaged cells, moves into tissue and becomes macrophages?
Monocytes
You would expect to see elevated levels of this WBC during Flu, TB HIV, leukemia?
Lymphocytes
You would expect to see this WBC decreased during anemia?
Monocytes
This WBC is increased during bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
This WBC is increased in viral & parasitic infections, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphomas, and sarcoidosis?
Monocytes
This WBC is increased during intrinsic asthma, parasitic infections, dermatological disorders, scarlet fever, Addison’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis?
Eosinophils
This WBC is elevated during presence of sarcoidosis?
Monocytes
A normal RBC count for males & females is?
M = 4.6-6.2 mill/mm3 F= 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
A normal HGB for males and females is?
M = 14-18 g/dl F = 12-16 g/dl
A normal HCT for males and females is?
M = 42%-52%
F= 37-47%
normally 3 x the Hgb
A normal BUN is _____ mg/dl.
6-20 mg/dl
A normal platelet count is ?
150,000 to 350,000 (think 3x)
A person with thrombocytopenia can expect their platelet count to be _____ ; the critical level is _____.
Decreased below 100,000
A person with thrombocytosis can expect their platelet count to be ______; the critical level is ______.
Increased above 400,000
A major cause of thrombocytosis is?
malignancy
What is APTT & what is a normal range?
Measures time to clot in seconds; activated partial thromboplastin time
Norm: 25-41 seconds
What is PT?
Prothrombin time; measures clotting ability of fibrinogen
Normal value: 11-12.5 seconds
What is a normal value for Creatinine?
M= 0.7 - 1.3
F = 0.6-1.2
Better indicator of GFR & relates to kidney function better; rises later than BUN & also affected by hepatic function ; chronic process
What is lactic acid? And when would it be elevated? And what are normal?
It is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism; increased values are indicators of hypoxia, CHF, hemorrhage & shock
Norms: 5-20 mg/dl
What is a normal Specific Gravity?
1.003 - 1.030= very narrow; indicates the concentration of urine;
More concentrated urine is normally seen in ______; while less concentrated urine or diluted is seen in _______.
More concentrated seen in dehydration;
Less concentrated more diluted seen with high fluid intake or kidney disorders
When collecting sputum samples it is important to determine if you have a reliable sample; what can infer a contaminated sample?
A large amount of epithelial cells (greater than 25)
The most common cause of bacterial infection is ______ _____.
Streptoococcus pneumonia (gram +)
Significant hypoalbuminemia leads to loss of fluid from vascular space and causes ________ including _____ _______.
Edema
Pulmonary Edema
The most common screening tests in assessing renal function are ______ and _________.
BUN & Creat
Normal serum level is maintained at range of ____ to _____ mg/dl.
7-20 mg/dl
When BUN and creat are increased due to renal failure ____ _____ may also be present.
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis stimulates _____ system to increase ________ and decrease ___________ as a compensatory mechanism.
Respiratory system to increase ventilation and reduce CO2
A normal anion gap is _________.
8-16 mEq/L (remember 16 is key)
A high anion gap metabolic acidosis is normally caused by ________.
Lactic acid (sepsis), ketoacids, renal failure (sulfates), toxins such as aspirin OD.
Clotting depends on an interaction between ____ and ____.
Platelets and Proteins
_____ is the protein that carries O2 to tissues and a major component of RBC.
Hb
_____ is the ratio of red cell volume to that of whole blood.
HCT also known as packed cell volume
_____ is also important to maintain acid base balance by acting as a buffer and by carrying CO2 from tissue to lungs.
Hb
In anemia when MCV, MCH, and MCHC is abnormally low then the anemia is called?
microcytic or hypochromic anemia= red cells are smaller than normal and contain a lower Hb
When anemia is present but indices are normal the anemia is ___.
Normocytic or normochromic
If anemia is present and RBC are larger and has increased MCV then it is called?
macrocytic
Severe anemia may cause _____ or ______.
dyspnea or tissue hypoxia
The most common type of anemia is _____.
Iron deficiency anemia; can be caused by chronic blood loss; increased RDW is normally seen with this type
Patients with elevated RBC and history of smoking may have secondary _________ caused by chronic hypoxemic lung disease.
polycythemia
What is a normal glucose?
70-110 mg/dl
A normal daily urine output amount is ______ per day.
1200 ml/day
A normal albumin level is
3.5-5 g/dl
A normal TCO2 is _____.
23-30 mE/L
Crit value < 6
WBC normal (x10/L) RBC normal (x12/L)
- 5-11.5
4. 2-5.4
MCV normal:
MCHC normal:
80-96%
32-36%
If a person has anemia, what values would be decreased?
RBC, Hb, Hct
Name the 6 electrolytes we commonly see
Na Cl Ca K Phosphorous Mg
Name the values for the electrolytes from highest to lowest:
Na- 135-145 mEq/L Chlorine: 98-108 mEq/L Ca: 8.9-10.1 mg/dl K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L P: 2.5-4.5 mg/dl Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Most electrolytes are reported in mEq/L except _____ and _____.
Ca & Phosphorous
These two electrolytes have a 2:1 ratio relationship?
Ca to Phosphorous
2 Ca to 1 Phosphorous
Potassium has a direct relationship with this electrolyte; if one decreases so does the other.
Magnesium
If you have an increased K level that what would you expect you pH to do? what would the bicarb do?
pH would decrease (inverse) and HCO3 would decrease
K has an inverse relationship with pH
Phosphorous has an inverse relationship with ______.
Calcium; when Ca decreases then phosphorous is excreted
What is the relationship between pH and Ca?
inverse
What vitamin decreases when Ca decreases?
Vit D
Albumin levels are directly related to _____ levels.
Calcium
When albumin binds to Ca it makes it _______.
Ineffective
