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Histopathology > Impregnation > Flashcards

Impregnation Flashcards

1
Q

Other term for infiltration

A

Impregnation

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2
Q

process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue giving a firm consistency

A

Infiltration/impregnation

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3
Q

allows easier handling and cutting of suitably thin sections without any damage or distortion to the tissue

A

Impregnation

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4
Q

•
The volume of the infiltrating medium must not be less than

A

25 times

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5
Q

simplest, most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing.

A

Paraffin wax

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6
Q

Common waxing melting points are

A

45, 52, 56 degree’s Celsius

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7
Q

These require wax with higher melting point than soft tissues.

A

Hard tissues

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8
Q

Not recommended because it has an increased time requirement.

A

Manual processing

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9
Q

At least 4 changes of wax are required at 15-minute intervals in order to ensure complete removal of the clearing agent

A

Manual processing

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10
Q

This uses an automatic tissue processing machine

A

Automated processing

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11
Q

Only 2-3 changes of wax are required to remove clearing agent properly

A

Automatic processing

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12
Q

to protect the wax against over-heating.

A

Safety device cut out switch

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13
Q

This os to protect the wax from overheating

A

Safety device cut out switch

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14
Q

moves the tissues from one processing reagent to another

A

Transfer arm

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15
Q

Involves wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure inside an embedding oven to hasten removal of air bubbles

A

Vacuum embedding

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16
Q

Most critical stage of tissue processing

A

Dehydration

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17
Q

This is the fastest results obtained

A

Vacuum embedding

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18
Q

helps speed up wax impregnation and removes any residual air bubbles.

A

Vacuum embedding

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19
Q

This technique is particularly recommended for urgent biopsies, for delicate tissues

A

Vacuum embedding

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20
Q

vacuum chamber is enclosed in a thermostatically controlled water-jacket, usually maintained at a temperature of

A

2-4 celsius above the melting point

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21
Q

The degree of the vacuum should not exceed

A

500 mmhg

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22
Q

Of the three methods of paraffin wax impregnation what gives the fastest result

A

Vacuum impregnation

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23
Q

Mixture of highly purified paraffin + synthetic plastic
polymers

A

Paraplast

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24
Q

More elastic and resilient than paraffin wax thereby permitting large, dense tissue blocks such as bones and brain to be cut easily with the same results as double embedding.

A

Paraplast

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25
Q

What is the melting point of paraplast

A

56-57C

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26
Q

the serial cutting of sections, end to end,
without disrupting the momentum.

A

Ribboning

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27
Q

synthetic wax substitute similar to
Paraplast; melting point: 56-58°C; less brittle and less compressible than Paraplast.

A

Embeddol

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28
Q

semisynthetic wax recommended for
embedding eyes

A

Bioloid

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29
Q

product of paraffin, containing
rubber, with the same property as Paraplast.

A

Tissue mat

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30
Q

It has a 46-48C melting point

A

Ester wax

31
Q

Does not require dehydration and clearing of tissues

A

Water soluble waxes

32
Q

Most commonly used polyethylene glycol containing 18 or more carbon atoms, solid at room temperature, soluble in and miscible with water

A

Carbowax

33
Q

purified form of nitrocellulose soluble in many solvents

A

Celloidin

34
Q

Suitable for large hollow cavities which tend to collapse, hard and dense tissues

A

Celloidin

35
Q

Completely fills all tissue cavities which gives the tissue spx a firm consistency and allows easier handling and cutting of thin sections without further damage or
distortion to the tissue and its cellular components.

A

Celloidin impregnation

36
Q

is recommended for bones, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs.

A

Wet celloidin method

37
Q

preferred for processing of whole eye sections.

A

Dry celloidin method

38
Q

Equal parts of chloroform and cedarwood oil

A

Gilson’s mixture

39
Q

In the dry celloidin method this is not used for storage before cutting

A

70% alcohol

40
Q

another celloidin soluble equal concentration of ether and alcohol but with a lower viscosity

A

Low viscosity nitrocellulose

41
Q

Forms harder tissue block and makes cutting of thinner sections possible.

A

Low viscosity of nitrocellulose

42
Q

added to prevent the tendency of tissues to crack when embedding chrome-mordanted tissues.

A

Plasticizers

43
Q

If paraffin wax and celloidin is not available, this is the alternative.

A

Gelatin impregnation

44
Q

When issues are to be subjected to histochemical and enzyme studies.

A

Gelatin impregnation

45
Q

Aka casting or blocking

A

Embedding

46
Q

Process by which an impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold

A

Embedding

47
Q

Consists of 2-L shaped strips/heavy brass arranged on a flat metal plate

A

Leuckhart’s embedding mold

48
Q

Blocks produced are even, with parallel sides and with a fairly shaped initial setting of wax

A

Leuckharts Embedding mold

49
Q

Made up of series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments

A

Compound embedding unit

50
Q

Consists of special stainless steel base mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring

A

Plastic embedding rings and base molds

51
Q

Block holder during cutting

A

Plastic embedding rings and base molds

52
Q

Equipped with a warm plate and cold plate at -5C

A

Tissue tek system

53
Q

White plastic cassette mold with detachable, perforated stainless steel hinge and snap-on lid

A

Tissue tek system

54
Q

This is recommended for busy routine labs

A

Plastic ice trays

55
Q

This is normally for embedding celloidin blocks, but also useful for paraffin wax blocks

A

Paper boats

56
Q

Provides easy and accurate identification of specimen and avoids the confusion and interchange of tissue blocks

A

Paper boats

57
Q

Rapid embedding of small and large volume of tissue specimen

A

Paper boats

58
Q

This is recommended for hard tissues

A

Celloidin or Nitrocellulose method

59
Q

This is obsolete due to the availability of resin containing paraffin waxes

A

Double embedding method

60
Q

Tissues infiltrated with celloidin first and the embedded in paraffin wax

A

Double-embedding method

61
Q

Recommended of small sections of celloidin block

A

Double-embedding method

62
Q

Used to facilitate cutting of large blocks of dense firm tissues

A

Double embedding method

63
Q

Superior results for light microscopic studies

A

Plastic (resin) embedding

64
Q

Made up of esters pf acrylic or methacrylic acid

A

Acrylic plastic

65
Q

Popular embedding medium for light microscopy and is also hydrophilic

A

Polygycol methacrylate

66
Q

Ideal embedding medium for undecalcified bone

A

Methyl methacrylate

67
Q

This is a catalyst acting as an active site for polymerization

A

Benzoyl peroxide

68
Q

Agent that can speed up a chemical specimen

A

Catalyst

69
Q

Active ingredient added to the plastic so that the plastic can decompose better to form phenyl radicals

A

Benzoyl peroxide

70
Q

Can be produced spontaneously by heat or light

A

Radicals

71
Q

Process of removing excess wax after embedding

A

Trimming

72
Q

Coarse filter paper

A

Green’s No. 904

73
Q

Melting point for water-soluble waxes

A

38-42C or 45-56C

Histopathology (4 decks)

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