Impregnation

Question 1

Other term for infiltration

Answer 1

Impregnation

Question 2

process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue giving a firm consistency

Answer 2

Infiltration/impregnation

Question 3

allows easier handling and cutting of suitably thin sections without any damage or distortion to the tissue

Answer 3

Impregnation

Question 4

•
The volume of the infiltrating medium must not be less than

Answer 4

25 times

Question 5

simplest, most common and best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing.

Answer 5

Paraffin wax

Question 6

Common waxing melting points are

Answer 6

45, 52, 56 degree’s Celsius

Question 7

These require wax with higher melting point than soft tissues.

Answer 7

Hard tissues

Question 8

Not recommended because it has an increased time requirement.

Answer 8

Manual processing

Question 9

At least 4 changes of wax are required at 15-minute intervals in order to ensure complete removal of the clearing agent

Answer 9

Manual processing

Question 10

This uses an automatic tissue processing machine

Answer 10

Automated processing

Question 11

Only 2-3 changes of wax are required to remove clearing agent properly

Answer 11

Automatic processing

Question 12

to protect the wax against over-heating.

Answer 12

Safety device cut out switch

Question 13

This os to protect the wax from overheating

Answer 13

Safety device cut out switch

Question 14

moves the tissues from one processing reagent to another

Answer 14

Transfer arm

Question 15

Involves wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure inside an embedding oven to hasten removal of air bubbles

Answer 15

Vacuum embedding

Question 16

Most critical stage of tissue processing

Answer 16

Dehydration

Question 17

This is the fastest results obtained

Answer 17

Vacuum embedding

Question 18

helps speed up wax impregnation and removes any residual air bubbles.

Answer 18

Vacuum embedding

Question 19

This technique is particularly recommended for urgent biopsies, for delicate tissues

Answer 19

Vacuum embedding

Question 20

vacuum chamber is enclosed in a thermostatically controlled water-jacket, usually maintained at a temperature of

Answer 20

2-4 celsius above the melting point

Question 21

The degree of the vacuum should not exceed

Answer 21

500 mmhg

Question 22

Of the three methods of paraffin wax impregnation what gives the fastest result

Answer 22

Vacuum impregnation

Question 23

Mixture of highly purified paraffin + synthetic plastic
polymers

Answer 23

Paraplast

Question 24

More elastic and resilient than paraffin wax thereby permitting large, dense tissue blocks such as bones and brain to be cut easily with the same results as double embedding.

Answer 24

Paraplast

Question 25

What is the melting point of paraplast

Answer 25

56-57C

Question 26

the serial cutting of sections, end to end, without disrupting the momentum.

Answer 26

Ribboning

Question 27

synthetic wax substitute similar to Paraplast; melting point: 56-58°C; less brittle and less compressible than Paraplast.

Answer 27

Embeddol

Question 28

semisynthetic wax recommended for embedding eyes

Answer 28

Bioloid

Question 29

product of paraffin, containing rubber, with the same property as Paraplast.

Answer 29

Tissue mat

Question 30

It has a 46-48C melting point

Answer 30

Ester wax

Question 31

Does not require dehydration and clearing of tissues

Answer 31

Water soluble waxes

Question 32

Most commonly used polyethylene glycol containing 18 or more carbon atoms, solid at room temperature, soluble in and miscible with water

Answer 32

Carbowax

Question 33

purified form of nitrocellulose soluble in many solvents

Answer 33

Celloidin

Question 34

Suitable for large hollow cavities which tend to collapse, hard and dense tissues

Answer 34

Celloidin

Question 35

Completely fills all tissue cavities which gives the tissue spx a firm consistency and allows easier handling and cutting of thin sections without further damage or distortion to the tissue and its cellular components.

Answer 35

Celloidin impregnation

Question 36

is recommended for bones, teeth, large brain sections and whole organs.

Answer 36

Wet celloidin method

Question 37

preferred for processing of whole eye sections.

Answer 37

Dry celloidin method

Question 38

Equal parts of chloroform and cedarwood oil

Answer 38

Gilson’s mixture

Question 39

In the dry celloidin method this is not used for storage before cutting

Answer 39

70% alcohol

Question 40

another celloidin soluble equal concentration of ether and alcohol but with a lower viscosity

Answer 40

Low viscosity nitrocellulose

Question 41

Forms harder tissue block and makes cutting of thinner sections possible.

Answer 41

Low viscosity of nitrocellulose

Question 42

added to prevent the tendency of tissues to crack when embedding chrome-mordanted tissues.

Answer 42

Plasticizers

Question 43

If paraffin wax and celloidin is not available, this is the alternative.

Answer 43

Gelatin impregnation

Question 44

When issues are to be subjected to histochemical and enzyme studies.

Answer 44

Gelatin impregnation

Question 45

Aka casting or blocking

Answer 45

Embedding

Question 46

Process by which an impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold

Answer 46

Embedding

Question 47

Consists of 2-L shaped strips/heavy brass arranged on a flat metal plate

Answer 47

Leuckhart’s embedding mold

Question 48

Blocks produced are even, with parallel sides and with a fairly shaped initial setting of wax

Answer 48

Leuckharts Embedding mold

Question 49

Made up of series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments

Answer 49

Compound embedding unit

Question 50

Consists of special stainless steel base mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring

Answer 50

Plastic embedding rings and base molds

Question 51

Block holder during cutting

Answer 51

Plastic embedding rings and base molds

Question 52

Equipped with a warm plate and cold plate at -5C

Answer 52

Tissue tek system

Question 53

White plastic cassette mold with detachable, perforated stainless steel hinge and snap-on lid

Answer 53

Tissue tek system

Question 54

This is recommended for busy routine labs

Answer 54

Plastic ice trays

Question 55

This is normally for embedding celloidin blocks, but also useful for paraffin wax blocks

Answer 55

Paper boats

Question 56

Provides easy and accurate identification of specimen and avoids the confusion and interchange of tissue blocks

Answer 56

Paper boats

Question 57

Rapid embedding of small and large volume of tissue specimen

Answer 57

Paper boats

Question 58

This is recommended for hard tissues

Answer 58

Celloidin or Nitrocellulose method

Question 59

This is obsolete due to the availability of resin containing paraffin waxes

Answer 59

Double embedding method

Question 60

Tissues infiltrated with celloidin first and the embedded in paraffin wax

Answer 60

Double-embedding method

Question 61

Recommended of small sections of celloidin block

Answer 61

Double-embedding method

Question 62

Used to facilitate cutting of large blocks of dense firm tissues

Answer 62

Double embedding method

Question 63

Superior results for light microscopic studies

Answer 63

Plastic (resin) embedding

Question 64

Made up of esters pf acrylic or methacrylic acid

Answer 64

Acrylic plastic

Question 65

Popular embedding medium for light microscopy and is also hydrophilic

Answer 65

Polygycol methacrylate

Question 66

Ideal embedding medium for undecalcified bone

Answer 66

Methyl methacrylate

Question 67

This is a catalyst acting as an active site for polymerization

Answer 67

Benzoyl peroxide

Question 68

Agent that can speed up a chemical specimen

Answer 68

Catalyst

Question 69

Active ingredient added to the plastic so that the plastic can decompose better to form phenyl radicals

Answer 69

Benzoyl peroxide

Question 70

Can be produced spontaneously by heat or light

Answer 70

Radicals

Question 71

Process of removing excess wax after embedding

Answer 71

Trimming

Question 72

Coarse filter paper

Answer 72

Green’s No. 904

Question 73

Melting point for water-soluble waxes

Answer 73

38-42C or 45-56C