improving performance Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the formula for Drive theory in performance?
Performance = habit/dominant response x drive/arousal
This theory suggests that increased arousal can enhance performance when the dominant response is correct.
Describe the Inverted-U hypothesis.
Performance follows an inverted U path as arousal increases, with too low or too high arousal producing the worst performance
The optimal arousal point varies based on activity, skill level, and personality.
What does the Individual zones of optimal functioning theory state?
There are individual differences in how arousal affects performance, with each person having a different optimal zone
Optimal performance is a range rather than a single point.
What are the two components of anxiety in Multidimensional anxiety theory?
Cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety
Cognitive anxiety has a negative linear relationship with performance, while somatic anxiety has an inverted U effect.
Explain the Catastrophe model.
Performance depends on the interaction between somatic and cognitive anxiety, with a threshold past which performance catastrophically declines
At low cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety has an inverted U relationship; at high cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety initially increases performance.
What does the Directional perception approach suggest about anxiety?
The anxiety-performance relationship is based on both intensity and direction of cognitive and somatic anxiety
Perceiving anxiety as facilitative leads to superior performance.
What is Progressive relaxation?
A method involving focused and systematic tightening and relaxing of specific muscle groups
It helps raise awareness of muscular tension.
How does Breathing control help in anxiety reduction?
Focuses on correcting short, shallow, and irregular breathing patterns
Breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety.
What is Biofeedback?
Feedback about physiological responses relayed back to the athlete to increase awareness
It can help reduce anxiety and increase perceived control.
Define Meditation in the context of cognitive anxiety reduction.
Focusing attention on a single thought to produce characteristics similar to flow performance
Aims to reduce cognitive anxiety.
What is Autogenic training?
Using verbal self-statements to reduce arousal by controlling sensations of heaviness and warmth
It is a cognitive anxiety reduction technique.
Explain Systematic desensitisation.
Practicing relaxation responses and then introducing anxiety-inducing stimuli to weaken their intensity
It helps desensitise the individual to anxiety triggers.
What is Imagery in sports psychology?
A form of simulation that involves recalling and shaping pieces of information into meaningful images
It engages all the senses and emotions.
What does the Psychoneuromuscular theory propose?
Imagery programs muscles for action, facilitating performance by innervating muscles
It strengthens neural pathways.
What is the Symbolic learning theory?
Imagery helps understand movement patterns and familiarize athletes with necessary actions
It aids in successful performance.
Define the Psychological skills hypothesis.
Imagery helps develop and refine mental skills, enhancing confidence and reducing anxiety
It can also increase concentration.
What are stimulus propositions in Bioinformational theory?
Statements describing the content of the imagined scene
They help create a vivid image.
What is the Triple code model?
Imagery comprises ISM: the image itself, the somatic response, and the meaning of the image
Proposed by Ashen in 1984.
What is the definition of self-confidence?
The belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior
It can be trait or state self-confidence.
Differentiate between Trait self-confidence and State self-confidence.
Trait self-confidence is the general certainty about ability; state self-confidence is certainty at a specific moment
Both influence performance.
What factors influence Vealey’s model of sport confidence?
Organisational culture, personality characteristics, and demographic factors
These affect how confident an individual feels.
List factors that affect sport confidence.
- Task mastery
- Ability demonstration
- Physical and mental preparation
These contribute to an athlete’s confidence levels.
Define self-efficacy according to Bandura’s theory.
The perception of one’s ability to perform a task successfully
It is a situation-specific form of self-confidence.
What are performance accomplishments?
The most important source of self-confidence, where successful experiences enhance self-efficacy
Unsuccessful experiences can lower self-efficacy.
