individual differences Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is personality?
Psychological qualities that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving.
(Cervone & Pervin 2013)
What are the key principles of personality?
- Enduring: consistent across time and contexts
- Distinction: distinguishes individuals
- Contribution: helps understand behavior
- Feeling, thinking and behaving: considers all aspects of a person
What do trait theorists suggest about behavior?
Behavior is completely internally determined by fundamental tendencies that provide a behavioral signature regardless of the situation.
What are the Big 5 dimensions of personality in athletes?
- Extraversion
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional stability
- Openness
- Agreeableness
What is the situational approach to personality?
Behavior is completely determined by the social environment.
What does the interactional approach to personality suggest?
Behavior is determined by both personal and situational factors as well as their interaction.
What are the psychological core traits?
Traits that are fairly internal and constant, which become more external and dynamic as they move through the model.
What is self-determination theory?
A motivational theory that examines how social contexts and individual differences facilitate different types of motivation.
What are the basic psychological needs according to self-determination theory?
- Competence
- Autonomy
- Relatedness
What happens if a reward feels controlling?
It reduces your sense of freedom or autonomy.
What is perceived competence?
how good or skilled you belive you are.If a reward gives useful feedback about how capable you are, it can increase your sense of competence.
How does competition influence intrinsic motivation?
If athletes feel forced or controlled, their intrinsic motivation decreases.
What is the outcome of self-determined motivation?
Leads to adaptive achievement-related behaviors like persistence and effort.
What is the definition of motivation?
The direction and intensity of effort.
(Weinberg & Gould 2014)
What are the approaches to studying motivation?
- Trait approach
- Situational approach
- Interactional approach
What does achievement motivation refer to?
A person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments.
What are the attribution dimensions in attribution theory?
- Stable/unstable
- Internal/external
- Controllability
What emotional responses are influenced by locus of causality and controllability?
- Pride
- Shame
- Guilt
What are the two conceptions of competence in achievement goal theory?
- Self-referenced
- Other referenced
What is task involvement in achievement goal theory?
Focus on learning and personal progress.
What are the effects of high task involvement and high perceived competence?
Leads to adaptive achievement behaviors.
What is motivational climate?
The psychological environment created by key people around you, such as coaches and peers.
What are the types of goals in goal-setting theory?
- Outcome goals
- Performance goals
- Process goals
What is multidimensional anxiety?
A negative emotional state comprised of feelings of nervousness and worry, associated with activation or arousal.
