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HDS 2021 > Improvised Explosives > Flashcards

Improvised Explosives Flashcards

1
Q

Why are improvised explosives dangerous

A

sensitive to ignition and unpredictable

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2
Q

How should fuels and oxidizers be stored

A

separate horizontally by at least 25 feet

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3
Q

What is the minimum distance blasting caps need to be separated from mixed fuels and oxidizers

A

25 feet

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4
Q

What is a fuel

A

material used to provide heat and or power by burning

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5
Q

What is an oxidizer

A

a chemical substance that furnishes oxygen for the burning of fuel

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6
Q

What is the definition of an improvised explosive

A

a specific combination of a fuel and oxidizer that results in an explosive compound

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7
Q

What is the definition of an improvised incendiary material

A

a specific combination of a fuel and oxidizer that results in a compound that can be made to burn for a period of time

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8
Q

What is the definition of an igniter

A

any device, chemical, electric, or mechanical used to ignite a substance

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9
Q

What is corrosive chemical action

A

The eating away or decomposing of various materials by the use of chemicals, i.e. sulfuric acid separated by copper disk with 50\50 mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar

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10
Q

What is the definition of a hypergolic reaction

A

to ignite spontaneously when mixed together

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11
Q

Calucium hypochlorite when mixed with brake fluid results in what

A

hypergolic reaction

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12
Q

What can aluminum powder be used for

A

to increase heat and sensitivity to ignition

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13
Q

What is the armstrong mixture

A

50\50 mix of potassium chlorate and red phosphorous

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14
Q

What is nitro-methane used for

A

commercially used as hobby fuel. when mixed with ammonium nitrate in binary explosives it results in a explosive compound

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15
Q

A self igniting molotov cocktail can be made how

A

2/3 gasoline, 1/3 sulfuric acid with potassium chlorate and sugar mixed 50/50 on outside

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16
Q

What must sodium metals be transported in

A

mineral oil

17
Q

Potassium permanganate when mixed with glycerin, sulfuric acid or ethyl glycol results in what

A

hypergolic reaction

18
Q

Thermite is a mixture of what

A

60% ferric oxide
20% aluminum
20% magnesium

19
Q

ANFO is a mixture of what

A

94 % ammonium nitrate

6 % fuel oil

20
Q

ANAL is a mixture of what

A

75 % ammonium nitrate

25% aluminum powder

21
Q

Flash powder is a mixture of what

A

aluminum powder
potassium chlorate
sulfur

22
Q

Triacetone tri-peroxide (TATP) is what

A

acetone, peroxide and sulfuric acid (strong acid)

23
Q

Hexamethyin triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is what

A

hexamine tablets, weak acid (citric acid), peroxide

24
Q

What is used to desensitize TATP and HMTD

A

70% alcohol

25
Q

What physiological hazards could exist when confronted with an improvised incendiary device

A

caustic
corrosive
toxic by inhalation, absorption, ingestion

26
Q

What 2 components are used in booby trapped foil metal balls disguised as narcotics

A

50% potassium chlorate

50% red phosphorus

27
Q

What explosive gas is released from acid and caustic chemical reaction bombs

A

hydrogen gas

28
Q

What is the acronym FOX stand for

A

fuel/oxidizer

29
Q

Is MEKP a primary or secondary explosive

A

primary

less sensitive and less powerful that TATP or HMTD

30
Q

What is added to increase burning temperature or sensitivity to ignition in some improvised explosives

A

aluminum powder

31
Q

What explosive is being made with citric acid

A

HMTD

32
Q

What are 7 improvised primary explosives

A 
TATP
HMTD
MEKP
Mercury fulminate
Silver fulminate
Lead Azide
Lead styphnate
33
Q

List of improvised explosives

A 
TATP
HMTD
MEKP
Mercury fulminate
Silver fulminate
Lead Azide
Lead styphnate
ETN
NG
PETN
RDX
Urea nitrate
ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil)
ANAL
Armstrong mixture
flash powder
poor man's C-4
Hpom
Nitro methane 
Thermite
34
Q

What is HPOM made of

A

hydrogen peroxide organic material

peroxide percentage required to make HPOM is 60-70%

35
Q

When dealing with IED’s some different safety considerations are

A 
Maximize distance from explosives
minimize number of people exposed
minimize time on target
utilize shielding and remote operations when possible
utilize PPE
36
Q

If utilizing a robot to perform a recon, use it for

A

Initial entry to rule out booby traps and visual investigations
air quality sampling when an air monitor is mounted to the robot

HDS 2021 (24 decks)

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