In class #5 cardiac and gi inflammation wrong Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are potential causes for new onset A-Fib
PIRATES
Pulmonary disease
Ischemia
Rheumatic heart disease
Anemia
Thyrotoxicosis/toxins
Ethanol/endocarditis
Sepsis/sick sinus syndrome
What is the most common risk factor for Afib
HTN
what is the priority after a patient has had a cardio version
airway since they have been sedated
would you hold digoxin before a cardioversion if so for how long?
yes hold for 1-2 days before cardioversion
What medication is used to treat acute Afib
Amiodarone
What condition can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity
hypokalemia
what conditions are digoxin used for
-Afib
-heart failure
what effect does digoxin have on the heart
it increases contractility which also increases cardiac output
factors that increase the risk for digoxin toxicity
hypokalemia
hypo/hyperthyroidism
MI
Renal insufficiency
hypoxia
acidosis
what are S&S of digoxin toxicity
-GI symptoms (anorexia, N/V, Diarrhea are all early signs)
-Dysrhythmias
-Visual changes (blurred vision/blind spots/changes to colors)
what is the antidote for digoxin toxicity
DigiFab
What are the three components of after load
the 3 V’s
Vessels
Viscosity
Valves
what is stage 1 HTN
130-139
what is stage 2 HTN
140 or higher
How would HF be diagnosed
-Echocardiogram
-elevated BNP or pro BNP levels
-evidence of systemic congestion
where can you best hear an S3 sound
heard best at the apex of the heart
what causes an s3 sound
caused by rapid ventricular filling during the passive filling of the heart
when can an S4 heart sound be heard
before the S1 and S2 sounds
What causes an S4 heart sound
occurs when the atrial kick is offbeat and blood is pushed into a full ventricle
