in class review questions for test 2

Question 1

the heart is 2 pumps, the right pump is responsible for circulating blood where?

Answer 1

the lungs

Question 2

to the lungs with what vessels?

Answer 2

pulmonary arteries

Question 3

why are the pulmonary arteries unique?

Answer 3

they carry deoxygenated blood

Question 4

blood returns to which chamber of the heart

Answer 4

left atrium

Question 5

returns to left atrium by what vessels?

Answer 5

pulmonary veins

Question 6

why are pulmonary veins unique ?

Answer 6

they carry oxygenated blood

Question 7

ultimate purpose of cardiovascular system

Answer 7

get blood into capillaries

Question 8

arteries close to heart are characterized as

Answer 8

elastic

Question 9

the arteries have capacity to do what

Answer 9

stretch and expand

Question 10

2 phases of cardiac cycle, active phase is what

Answer 10

systole

Question 11

what happens during systole?

Answer 11

heart is beating

Question 12

when tracing a drop of blood from right atrium, it passes through a valve referred as

Answer 12

right atrioventricular valve

Question 13

other name besides right AV valve is

Answer 13

tricuspid valve

Question 14

when it passes through valve, it then enters

Answer 14

right ventricle

Question 15

it fills right ventricle to

Answer 15

70%

Question 16

once filled by 70% what happens next

Answer 16

atria contracts

Question 17

after atria contracts, result is

Answer 17

fills remaining 30% of blood

Question 18

when ventricle contracts, it must overcome what pressure?

Answer 18

diastolic pressure

Question 19

diastolic pressure is where

Answer 19

pulmonary artery

Question 20

when this pressure is overcome, what valve opens?

Answer 20

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 21

when heart beats, it is critical that all fibers contract at same time, this is made possible by what in heart tissue?

Answer 21

intercalated discs

Question 22

in contrast, skeletal muscle fibers should not all contract at once. each skeletal muscle has its own individual

Answer 22

nerve supply

Question 23

when measuring BP, the cuff is inflated to a level that

Answer 23

closes the artery

Question 24

the cuff is reduced and the 1st sound heard. what causes the sound?

Answer 24

artery flashes open

Question 25

the pressure where first sound occurs is the

Answer 25

systolic

Question 26

at the end of the measurements what happens

Answer 26

the sound disappears

Question 27

primary control of HR arises from

Answer 27

SA node

Question 28

external control can arise from the ----- which accelerates HR

Answer 28

sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

at the very beginning of exercise, HR accelerates immediately bc what happens

Answer 29

parasympathetic nervous system stops

Question 30

where are the baroreceptors located?

Answer 30

in the bifurcation/split of carotid artery

Question 31

baroreceptors monitor BP to ensure

Answer 31

adequate blood flow to the brain

Question 32

if BP drops, baroreceptors send signal to

Answer 32

cardiovascular control center

Question 33

if BP drops what needs to happen

Answer 33

needs to be increase in pressure. CCC tells SNS to increase HR

Question 34

need HR to go up. know impulse is done by CCC. if HR needs to go up it is accomplished by sending a message through the

Answer 34

sympathetic nervous system

Question 35

this is all an example of

Answer 35

physiologic control system

Question 36

if operating effectively, it is operating as a

Answer 36

negative feedback loop

Question 37

in average sized male, resting cardiac output is approx

Answer 37

5 L

Question 38

BP in veins is very low because ---- empties into veins

Answer 38

capillaries

Question 39

in order to circulate venous blood to vessels below heart, it needs help. what is one way we are providing help to these vessels below the heart

Answer 39

one way valves

Question 40

in addition, there may be vasoconstriction and help from

Answer 40

muscle pumps

Question 41

when it comes to VO2 max. huge factor is ability to deliver oxygen which is determined by central component comprised primarily of

Answer 41

cardiac output

Question 42

ability to utilize oxygen is determined by peripheral component composed of 3 factors:

Answer 42

mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillaries

Question 43

SV is controlled by several factors including amount of ventricular filling determined by

Answer 43

venous return

Question 44

venous return to heart finishes with

Answer 44

EDV

Question 45

electrical activity of heart begins with pacemaker called

Answer 45

sinoatrial node

Question 46

from sinoatrial node it then goes to

Answer 46

AV node

Question 47

from AV node it goes to

Answer 47

AV bundle

Question 48

from AV bundle it goes to

Answer 48

AV bundle branches

Question 49

from AV bundle branches it goes to

Answer 49

perkinge fibers

Question 50

according to who's law, when cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, something happens

Answer 50

frank starling law

Question 51

what happens as a result of frank starlings law

Answer 51

greater contraction

Question 52

when ventricles contract, they empty by

Answer 52

70%

Question 53

when ventricles contract and empty, this is called

Answer 53

ejection fraction

Question 54

the packed volume of cells in blood is known as

Answer 54

hematocrit

Question 55

typically what % of blood

Answer 55

45-50%

Question 56

blood boosting/doping uses

Answer 56

EPO

Question 57

EPO is released from

Answer 57

kidneys

Question 58

EPO acts to

Answer 58

increase RBC production