in class wk 1

Question 1

“animalcules” were first discovered by ____________.

Answer 1

Anthony Van Leeuwehoek

Question 2

an english scientist that improved the design of the microscope and confirmed the work of Van Leeuwenhoek is Robert ___________.

Answer 2

Hooke

Question 3

Another term for spontaneous generation is ___________ which means life can develop from non-living matter.

Answer 3

abiogenesis

Question 4

Louis _________ created a means of heating wine to kill microorganisms that cause food spoilage but not kill any beneficial microorganisms

Answer 4

Pasteur

Question 5

Ignaz _________ observed that women in the maternity ward became ill or died after being examined by physicians that came directly from the morgue. He required physicians to wash their hands with chlorine.

Answer 5

Semmelweis

Question 6

Robert Koch established that a specific microbe causes a specific disease by observing ________________ infections in humans and cows.

Answer 6

anthrax

Question 7

__________________________ is the scientist who performed the first vaccination against smallpox

Answer 7

Edward Jenner

Question 8

______________________ is a disease generally cause by contaminated food

Answer 8

Shigellosis

Question 9

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming of living organisms is _________________.

Answer 9

taxonomy

Question 10

Linnaeus assigned each species a ______________ using its genus and species.

Answer 10

binomial

Question 11

Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called ____________.

Answer 11

biofilms

Question 12

Interactions between organisms in a community can occur as ________________, where both organisms benefit.

Answer 12

mutualism

Question 13

By ____________________, where waste from microbes provides nutrients for another organism

Answer 13

commensalism

Question 14

_______________________, where two organisms are dependent on each other to break down a nutrient

Answer 14

synergism

Question 15

________________ where one organism benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 15

parasitism

Question 16

________________ are forms of matter that cannot be broken down into further, such as oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Answer 16

elements

Question 17

the smallest units of matter are ____________

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

a(n) ____________ is an electrically charged atom, particle, or molecule that is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Answer 18

ion

Question 19

the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called ______________.

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

_________________ compounds consist of molecules that do not contain carbon

Answer 20

inorganic

Question 21

water is a ___________ that can dissolve many different substances

Answer 21

solvent

Question 22

____________ are substances dissolved in water

Answer 22

solutes

Question 23

_________ molecules contain atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Answer 23

organic

Question 24

the plasma or cell membrane is compromised of two layers of ________________ embedded with proteins and cholesterol

Answer 24

phospholipids

Question 25

bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end are referred to as

Answer 25

monotrichous

Question 26

absorption is the function the surface appendage called _______________

Answer 26

microvilli

Question 27

movement of bacteria toward or away from a particular stimulus is called ____________

Answer 27

taxis

Question 28

a ________ is a microbial community enclosed by an extracellular matrix

Answer 28

fungi

Question 29

the ________________ is a network of tubules that can be the place of ribosome attachment or as a place of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

the ________ apparatus consists of flattened disks called cisternae that modifies and packages proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

Answer 30

golgi

Question 31

cells without a nucleus are _______________ cells

Answer 31

prokaryotic

Question 32

_______________ are the power source of the cell and produces ATP to be used in cellular respiration

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

the cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are _______________

Answer 33

chloroplasts

Question 34

__________________ is the process of moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. this transport requires no use of ATP

Answer 34

diffusion

Question 35

______________ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 35

osmosis

Question 36

______________ is a form of bulk transport that uses vesicles to transport large molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 36

endocytosis

Question 37

the type of endocytosis where the cell membrane surrounds solid matter creating a vesicle that releases the matter into the cell is _________________

Answer 37

phagocytosis

Question 38

______________ is the chemical reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones and releases energy

Answer 38

catabolism

Question 39

______________ is the chemical reaction where energy is used to form larger molecules from smaller ones

Answer 39

anabolism

Question 40

Binary fission is a form of reproduction used by _____________.

Answer 40

bacteria