In person study guide

Question 1

What is the smallest

Answer 1

Molecules

Question 2

What is the biggest

Answer 2

Biopsphere

Question 3

Know 3 domains

Answer 3

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 4

Know 3 kingdoms in Eukarya

Answer 4

Plants, Animals, Fungi

Question 5

what is the atomic number

Answer 5

number of protons and number of electrons

Question 6

what is the atomic mass

Answer 6

number of protons plus neutrons

Question 7

how does potential energy correlate to shell level

Answer 7

if you move farther away from the atomic nucleus (go up shells) , then you gain potential energy

Question 8

how many electrons do shell 1 and 2 hold?

Answer 8

shell 1 holds 2, shell 2 holds 8

Question 9

what is a covalent bond

Answer 9

very strong bond where electrons are shared

Question 10

what is an ionic bond

Answer 10

an atom is able to strip or steal an electron from another atom, and the one stripped of the electron has the positive charge while the one that gained an electron has a negative charge

Question 11

what is a hydrogen bond

Answer 11

they are pretty weak, but form between molecules

Question 12

what are van der waals interactions

Question 13

cohesive behavior

Answer 13

water molecules stick together

Question 14

adhesive behavior

Answer 14

water molecules stick to something else

Question 15

what is surface tension

Answer 15

because of hydrogen bonding, water has a high surface tension: a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

Question 16

how does salt dissolve in water

Answer 16

sodium is attracted to partially negative charge because it is positively charged, and chlorine is attracted to the partially positive charge because it is negatively charged

Question 17

kinetic energy is

Answer 17

kinetic energy is the energy of motion

Question 18

potential energy is

Question 19

what is an isotope

Answer 19

the same element, but with a different number of neutrons, therefore a different atomic mass

Question 20

polarity of water

Answer 20

water molecule is partial negative near oxygen and partial positive near hydrogen, therefore it is polar

Question 21

what is an acid

Answer 21

an acid can donate hydrogen ions

Question 22

what is a base

Answer 22

a base can remove hydrogen ions

Question 23

what is the role of buffers

Answer 23

they resist a change a ph, dont let ph fluctuate as much

Question 24

what are structural isomers

Question 25

what breaks down cellulose

Question 26

saturated fatty acids

Answer 26

have maximum number of hydrogen atoms, will be solid at room temperature

Question 27

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 27

have one or more double bonds, are liquid at room temperature

Question 28

phospholipids

Answer 28

phosphate heads love water, lipid tails hate water

Question 29

secondary structure has:

Answer 29

alpha helix and beta pleated sheat

Question 30

what is denaturation

Answer 30

protein loses its normal shape and is nonfunctioning, mainly caused by pH and high temperatures

Question 31

what is a pyrmidine

Answer 31

has one ring, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 32

pyrisine

Answer 32

has two rings, ademine and guanine

Question 33

All cells have

Answer 33

ribosomes (make proteins) and chromosomes

Question 34

site of protein synthesis

Answer 34

ribosomes, on outside of endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

who is not a member of the endomembrane system

Answer 35

mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes

Question 36

who are members of the endomembrane system

Answer 36

nuclear envelope, er, golgi,

Question 37

who has chloroplasts?

Question 38

what are the components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 38

**know properties of the components

Question 39

what is diffusion

Answer 39

going down its concentration gradient

Question 40

what gives a high entropy

Answer 40

when everything is nice and spread out

Question 41

how is the energy of activation lowered

Question 42

3 sodiums go out of the cell, 3 potassiums are coming back in

Question 43

osmoregulation refers to the solute

Question 44

more solute = hyper, less solute = hypo

Question 45

where do things move, 80% to 20% or 20% to 80% and which is hypo or hyper

Answer 45

80% water, the inside has 20% salt so water moves towards higher concentration gradient, if inside has more water than outside than water moves outside bc that means there is more salt on the outside

Question 46

it is isotonic when it is the same