INBDE - HYPERTENSION Flashcards
Hydrochlorothiazide (diuretic)
MOA:
* Blocking Na/Cl transporter (distal tubule)
Side effects:
* Orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal response
* Hyperglycemia
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hydrochlorothiazide-oral-tablet
Furosemide (diuretic)
MOA:
* Blocking Na/Cl transporter (loop diuretic)
Side effects:
* Hypokalemia;
* Hypercalcemia;
* hearing loss;
* nephrite interstitial;
* orthostatic hypotension
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/furosemide-oral-tablet
Spironolactone
MOA:
* Blocking aldosterone receptors (collecting duct)
* Potassium sparing diuretics – Hyperkalemia
Characteristics:
* Only diuretic that cause Hyperkalemia
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-spironolactone-oral-tablet
Spironolactone (Torsemide, amiloride, triamterene)
MOA:
* kidneys release more sodium then takes water with it from the
blood decreasing the amount of fluid through the blood vessel
hence lowering blood pressure.
Characteristics:
* Xerostomia
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-spironolactone-oral-tablet
ACE inhibitors (Lisinopril, enalapril, captopril, fosinopril)
MOA:
* Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI)
* Inhibits conversion from Angiotensin l e ll
* Flush water and sodium
* Decreases the production of Aldosterone (electrolyte balance)
* Increases Renin and Angiotensin system (RAAS)
Characteristics:
* Increase Bradykinin “it is in charge of
producing cough”
* hyperkalemia
* orthostatic hypotension
(chair).
* Contraindicated in pregnancy.
** Side effect: **
* cough (most common)
Losartan, candesartan, irbesartan, valsartan
MOA:
* Angiotensin ll Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Characteristics:
* Used to substitute symptoms of cough from
lisinopril.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/losartan-oral-tablet
Nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil
MOA:
* Inhibits the entry of calcium ions in L-type calcium channels
* Decrease vascular smooth muscle contractility
* Decrease of peripheral vascular resistance and heart contraction
* Lowers blood pressure by decreasing cardiac workload
* Cause vasodilation
Side effect:
* gingival hyperplasia or gingivitis
* non-bacterial
Atenolol, metoprolol
MOA:
* β-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker (selective)
Characteristics:
* Xerostomia
medicalnewstoday.com/articles/tenormin#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
Propranolol
MOA:
* Β1 and β2 receptors Blockers (non selective)
Characteristics:
* Xerostomia
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316061
Prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin
MOA:
* α-Adrenergic Blocker
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bisoprolol-oral-tablet
Carvediol, labetado
MOA:
* β and α-Adrenergic Blocker
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/carvedilol-oral-tablet
Clonidine, guanfacine, methyldopa
MOA:
* α-Adrenergic Agonist (α2 in CSN)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323724
Hydralazine (vasodilator)
MOA:
* Open K+ channel to cause vasodilation
Side effect:
* Gingival bleeding
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323724
Minoxidil
(Nitroglicerin*)
MOA:
* Direct Vasodilator
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/minoxidil
Guanadrel, reserpine
MOA:
* Peripherial Adrenergic Inhibitors
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323724#peripheral-adrenergic-inhibitors
