INCREASING COLD WAR TENSIONS 1949-53

Question 1

WHY DID TENSIONS BETWEEN 1949-53 INCREASE?

Answer 1

• OUTBREAK OF THE KOREAN WAR-1950
  -CHINA-SOVIET ALLIANCE 1950
• SUCCESSFUL COMMUNIST REVOLUTION IN CHINA 1949
• USSR’S SUCCESSFUL USE OF AN ATOMIC BOMB 1949

Question 2

WHAT WERE INTERNATIONAL ATTITUDES?

Answer 2

• THE USA BEGAN TO SEE THEMSELVES AS THE LEADER OF THE FREE WORLD AND GLOBAL
• THE US PLAYED A LEADING ROLE IN THE UN WHICH ADDED TO TENSIONS
  -STALIN IN HIS LAST YEARS BECAME MORE HOSTILE TOWARDS THE US AND BECAME STRICTER ON HIS SATELLITE STATEA

Question 3

WHAT WAS THE HOUSE OF UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES ACTIVITY COMMITTEE?

Answer 3

• ITS PURPOSE WAS TO INVESTIGATE COMMUNIST INFILTRATION

Question 4

• WHAT WAS THE RED SCARE AND WHAT WERE ITS EFFECTS?

Answer 4

• THE FEAR THAT COMMUNISM HAD INFILTRATED THE US, AMERICA HAD BEEN EXPERIENCING THE RED SCARE SINCE 1947
• US DIPLOMAT ALGER HISS WAS CONVICTED OF PERJURY AFTER BEING FOUND BY THE HUAC( HOUSE OF UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE) TO BE PASSING US INFORMATION TO THE USSR IN
• THIS MADE THE POSSIBILITY OF US LEADERS BEING SUSCEPTIBLE TO COMMUNIST INFLUENCE REAL FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
  —IT SPARKED A WAVE OF CRITICISM FOR TRUMAN AND PEOPLE CLAIMED THAT HE WAS TOO SOFT ON COMMUNISM ESPECIALLY AFTER THE ‘LOSS OF CHINA’

Question 5

• WHO WAS MCARTHY AND WHAT DID HE DO?

Answer 5

-MCARTHY WAS A REPUBLICAN SENATOR WHO EXPLOITED ANTI-COMMUNIST ANXIETIES AT THE TIME AND PLACED ALOT OF PRESSURE ON TRUMANS ADMINISTRATION
-MCARTHY ATTACKED THE UN FOR FAVOURING LEFT-WING AND LIBERAL CAUSES
- SAID THAT THE US ARMED FORCES AND FIL INDUSTRY HAD BEEN INFILTRATED
- HE SAID THAT ASIOA NEEDED MORE SUPPORT THAT EUROPE DID(CHINESE CIVIL WAR AND KOREAN WAR- SINO SOVIET ALLIANCE)
- CLAIMED THAT THE KOREAN WAR WOULOD NOT HAVE HAPPENED IF TRUMAN HAD PREVENTED THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR
- MANY OF HIS CLAIMS HAD LITTLE EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT BUT HE GREATLY INFLUENCED PUBLIC OPINION

Question 6

• HOW WAS MCARTHY’S RED SCARE STOPPED?

Answer 6

-IN 1954 H ACCUSED THE US ARMY OF BEING INFILTRATED BY COMMUNISM AND LEGAL DEFENCE JOSEPH N WELCH CRITICISED HIM INA TELEVISED CONFRONTATION, IN DECEMBER 1954 THE US SENATE VOTED IN FAVOUR OF MCARTHY BEING GUILTY OF…. THIS FINISHED MACARTHY AND HIS ANTI-COMMUNIST BANDWAGON

Question 7

-HOW DID MCARTHYISM AFFECT BRITAIN AND EUROPE?

Answer 7

• IN BRITAIN THERE WAS INCREASING FEAR OF COMMUNISM AND THE DESIRE TO MAINTAIN A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE US
  -BRITAIN WAS INFLUENCED BY MCARTHYISM AND FEARED THAT INACTION IN ASIA COULD AFFECT EUROPE( MORE ASIA FIRST VIEW)

Question 8

• WHY DID THE US HAVE DOMINANCE IN THE UN?

Answer 8

-BY 1950, THE UN WAS MADE UPNOF 60 COUNTRIES WHO WERE PRO-CAPITALIST AND PRO-WESTERN
- ALOT OF FUNDING FOR THE UN CAME FROM THE US
- ALL OF EUROPE EXCEPT SPAIN WERE ACCEPTING MARSHALL AID
- CHINA WAS PREVENTED FROM JOINING THE UN AFTER THE CIVIL WARAND THE SPOT WAS GIVEN TO PRO- AMERICAN TAIWAN
- AMERICA HAD MILITARY SUPERIORITY

Question 9

WHO WERE THE 5 PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE UN AND WHAT POWERS DID THEY HAVE?

Answer 9

-THE FIVE PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE UN WERE THE US,BRITAIN,FRANCE,CHINA AND THE USSR
- THEY HAD THE POWER TO VETO UN INVOLVEMENT
- THIS HELPED TO KEEP US POWER AND INFLUENCE IN CHECK

Question 10

-ISOLATION OF CHINA- WHY WERE RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND THE WEST HOSTILE?

Answer 10

• COMMUNIST CHINA WAS EXCLUDED FROM THE UN AFTER THE 1949 CHINESE CIVIL WAR
• CHINA ALLIED ITSELF WITH THE SOVIET UNION IN 1949
  -CHINA AIDED NORTH KOREA IN THE KOREAN WAR
• THE US MAINTAINED A HEAVY PRESENCE IN SOUTH KOREA DURING AND AFTER THE WAR