INDIA AND PAKISTAN Flashcards
(38 cards)
RELIGIONS IN INDIA:
- HINDUISM
- ISLAM
- CHRISTIANITY
- SIKHISM
A major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent
HINDUISM
A monotheistic religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th
century CE
ISLAM
Believed to have been introduced by Saint Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century CE
CHRISTIANITY
Is an Indian religion and philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian
subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE.
SIKHISM
a religion and philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the buddha)
BUDDHISM
an ancient Indian religion emphasizing non-violence (ahimsa) and spiritual purity,
seeking to achieve liberation from the cycle of rebirth through self-discipline and a
strict code of conduct.
JAINISM
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE:
- Used of Sacred
Geometry and
Symmetry - Religious
Influence and
Symbolism - Intricate Carvings
and
Ornamentations - Diversity of
Building Materials - Blend of Different
Styles - Open Courtyards
and Climate
Adaption
Ajanta & Ellora
Caves
Ajanta & Ellora
Caves
INTERIOR FEATURES OF INDIA
- Rich and Vibrant
Color Palette - Traditional
Wooden Furniture - Intricate Carvings
and Jaali Work - Ethnic Flooring
Style - Ornate Ceiling and
Wall Art - Luxurious Textiles
and Upholstery - Statement
Lighting and
Lamps - Pooja Rooms and
Spiritual Elements - Indoor Plants and
Nature Elements - Traditional
Handicrafts and
Decor Items
WALL DECORATIONS AND ORNAMENTATIONS: Hand- Painted Murals and Wall Art (INDIA)
- Madhubani
- Pattachitra
- Warli
WALL DECORATIONS AND ORNAMENTATIONS: Carved Wooden Panels and Jaali Work (INDIA)
- Wooden wall
- Jaali work
- Mandala
SCULPTURES (INDIA):
- dancing girl
- ashokan pillars
- bharnut stupa railings
- gandhara buddha statues
INDIAN POTTERIES:
- Ayyanar Horses
- Black Pottery
- Blue Pottery
- Khavda Pottery
Wall Hangings and Tapestries
- Kalamkari
- Rajasthani
- Macrame & Jute
Wall
WALL DECORATIONS AND ORNAMENTATIONS: Metal and Brass Wall Accents (INDIA)
- Brass and Copper
Wall Plates - Antique Metal wall
- Stone and Tile
Wall Art
a stunning white
marble mausoleum in Agra, Uttar
Pradesh, India, built by Mughal
Emperor Shah Jahan (reigned 1628
1658) in memory of his wife, Mumtaz
Mahal, who died in 1631. Located on the
southern bank of the Yamuna River, it
is considered the finest example of
Mughal architecture, blending Indian,
Persian, and Islamic styles.
TAJ MAHAL
a five-story pyramidal palace
in Jaipur, rises 50 feet (15 m) and features 953
intricately carved jharokhas (windows), giving
it a honeycomb-like façade. Designed by Lal
Chand Ustad in red and pink sandstone, it
blends Rajput and Mughal architectural styles.
The palace was a favorite retreat of Maharaja
Jai Singh, known for its cooling effect from the
breeze passing through its small windows.
Entry is through the City Palace side, leading
to a courtyard with an archaeological
museum. The top floors are accessible only by
ramps, and the site is maintained by the
Government of Rajasthan.
HAWA MAHAL
located in Madhya Pradesh, India, consists
of Hindu and Jain temples built by the
Chandela dynasty (885–1000 CE). Originally
85 temples spread over 20 sq. km, only 25
remain today. Known for their Nagara-style
architecture and intricate sculptures,
including some erotic carvings, the most
notable is the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple.
The site was rediscovered in 1838 by British
engineer T.S. Burt. These temples reflect
religious tolerance between Hindus and
Jains. Recognized for their architectural
significance, they were designated a
UNESCO World Heritage site in 1986
Khajuharo Temples
was built by Emperor
Aurangzeb between 1671 and 1673. An
iconic Mughal-era landmark, it
features red sandstone with marble
inlay and remains the largest Mughal
era mosque. Used for worship under
Ranjit Singh and later as a British
garrison, it was restored in 1852. Built
near Lahore Fort, it symbolized
Aurangzeb’s military campaigns,
especially against the Marathas. Today,
it is a major historical and tourist site
Badshahi Mosque
was built between 1634 and
1641 by Governor Wazir Khan under
Emperor Shah Jahan. A masterpiece of
Mughal-era architecture, it is famous
for its intricate faience tile work (kashi
kari) and elaborate frescoes. Part of a
historic complex that includes the
Shahi Hammam, it is on UNESCO’s
Tentative List. Since 2009, it has been
undergoing restoration by the Aga
Khan Trust for Culture and the
Government of Punjab, with support
from Germany, Norway, and the U.S.
Wazir Khan Mosque
meaning “Mound of the
Dead,” was a major Indus Valley
Civilization city, flourishing between
2500 and 1700 BCE in present-day
Pakistan. Located in Sindh’s Larkana
District near the Indus River, it was
one of the largest and most advanced
cities of its time, featuring grid-like
streets, a drainage system, and public
baths. Rediscovered in the 1920s, it
remains a key archaeological site and
was designated a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1980
Mohenjo-daro
- These are the peaks of the
towers rising from the core of
Hindu temples - These towers are always
extravagantly decorated - They vary in shape throughout
the country
SIKHARAS
an open space which connected all the
spaces in the house at one level. In Indian
homes, this was the part of the house where
everyone would meet as people lived in joint
families. From sun-drying papads and pickles in
summer to celebrations like weddings or
festivals, this space was the focus of the house.
INDIAN COURTYARD
