Individual Counselling Approaches Flashcards
Individual Counselling
- psychotherapy
- brief solution-focused therapies
- feminist approach
- narrative therapy
- confrontation
Psychotherapy Overview
- Broad title for a host of talk therapies
- The belief that substance abuse is a function of some underlying psychopathology
- Attempts to facilitate a major personality change through personal insights, relying on historic events, major life developmental stages, and traumas as a guide
traditional models of psychotherapy
- psychoanalytic therapy : (freud and jung)
- client-entered therapy: (rogers)
- Existential Therapy (May, Frankl)
- Transactional Analysis (Berne)
- Reality Therapy (Glasser)
Therapeutic Goals of psychoanalytic therapy
To reconstruct the personality; to promote insight; to make the unconscious conscious; to resolve internal conflicts; to understand the effect of early experience upon adult functioning
Therapeutic Goals of Client-Centred Therapy
To experience and accept aspects of self formerly denied or distorted; to encourage personal growth; to trust the self and remain open to experience; to maximize self awareness and self actualization
Therapeutic Goals of Client-Centred Therapy
To experience and accept aspects of self formerly denied or distorted; to encourage personal growth; to trust the self and remain open to experience; to maximize self awareness and self actualization
Methodology of psychoanalytic therapy
Free association; dream analysis; interpretation; reconstruction of early experience and analysis of its present influence; study of client’s feelings toward therapist as revealer of current interpersonal difficulties
Methodology of Client-Centred Therapy
Creation of a safe climate in which client can explore self-functioning;
communicate qualities of the therapist, warmth, respect, genuine regard for client and to the client to promote realistic self-appraisal and personal growth; communicate empathic understanding to client to promote self-awareness
Therapeutic Goals of Existential Therapy (May, Frankl)
To accept responsibility for one’s own life and choices; to discover meaning in life; to gain freedom by removing blocks to self awareness and fulfilling potential; to clarify values
Therapeutic Goals of Transactional Analysis (Berne)
To re-examine decisions and to make new ones based on accurate perceptions; to recognize the influence upon behaviour and attitudes of parts of the personality; to improve interpersonal relationships
Methodology of Existential Therapy (May, Frankl)
Elicit client’s being-in-the-world; establish a genuine encounter between therapist and client; examine choices client has made; lead client to make independent choices and adopt own unique values
Methodology of Transactional Analysis (Berne)
Analyze social transactions between individuals, especially games people play; psychodrama and role playing; explore consequences of commitment to adopting a rigid life pattern (script)
Therapeutic Goals of Reality Therapy (Glasser)
To learn to appraise the self and the world realistically; to develop a success identity; to develop the capacity to make and carry out plans for reaching realistic goals
methodology of Reality Therapy (Glasser)
Therapist requires client to face reality and to make value judgements about his own behaviour; determine specific desirable behaviour changes; commit client to following through upon behaviour changes; promote sense of personal responsibility
Contemporary Psychotherapy
► Strengths-based approach
► Six principles:
1. Clients with addiction issues can recover, reclaim, and transform their lives
2. Focus is on individual strengths, not deficits
3. Community is viewed as an oasis of resources
4. Client is the director of the helping process
5. Worker-client relationship is primary and essential
6. Primary setting for work is the community, not a residential facility
