Individual Differences in Cognition Flashcards
Concrete-operational stage
The third stage in Piaget’s theory of four stages of development, spanning the period from 7 to 11 years of age, during which a child has systematic schemes for thinking about the physical world.
Conservation
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, knowledge of the preservation of particular properties of the physical world under various transformations.
Crystallised intelligence
Intelligence that depends on acquired knowledge.
Factor analysis
In the context of intelligence tests, a statistical method that tries to find a set of factors that will account for performance across a range of tests.
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence characterised by the ability to reason or to solve problems in novel domains.
Formal-operational stage
The fourth stage in Piaget’s theory of four stages of development, spanning the period from 11 years of age onward, during which a child has abstract schemes for reasoning about the world.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A measure of general intellectual performance that is normed to have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
Preoperational stage
The second stage in Piaget’s theory of four stages of development, spanning the period from 2 to 7 years of age, during which the child can engage in internal thought about the world, but these mental processes are intuitive and unsystematic.
Psychometric tests
Tests of various aspects of a person’s intellectual performance.
Sensory-motor stage
The first stage in Piaget’s theory of four stages of development, spanning the first 2 years of life, during which a child lacks basic schemes for thinking about the physical world and experiences it in terms of sensations and actions.
