Individualistic theories influence on policy development Flashcards
What did Aichhorn do?
Pioneered psychoanalysis in delinquent youths in order to develop a stronger super ego.
Is psychoanalysis effective?
Not very, it is expensive, time consuming and can cause to ethical issues if the analyst abuses their power.
What idea links to operant conditioning?
Token economies
What are token economies based on?
The idea that positive reinforcement of good behaviour leads to such desirable behaviour being repeated.
How are token economies used in prisons?
Prisoners earn tokens for desired behaviour, which can then be exchanged for rewards.
Are token economies effective?
In the short term perhaps, however the results are not long-lasting after prisoners are released and such tokens are no longer on offer.
Which theorist links to the idea of aversion therapy?
Eysenck.
What is aversion therapy?
It shows sex offenders unpleasant stimulus to associate with sexual arousal.
Is aversion therapy effective?
In a limited way, short-term, also seen as an abuse of human rights (when it was used on gay men, as a “cure”)
What does CBT stand for?
Cognitive behavioural therapy
What is the aim of using CBT on offenders?
To correct faulty patterns of thinking.
What does ART stand for?
Aggression replacement training
How is ART used with offenders?
Used to help violent and aggressive offenders, involves training skills, anger control and moral reasoning.
Are CBT and ART effective?
Lower recidivism rates. However some studies suggest that behavioural change is limited.
What is think first?
One to one or group sessions for repeat offenders who are out on licence. They are taught problem solving, consequential thinking, decision making and perspective.
