Inducing & Measuring Emotions (2b) Flashcards
ethical guidelines for research
risk of harm should be no greater than that encountered in ordinary life
emotion should be extinguishable
the circumplex model of affect
divided into four quadrant with two crossed axes
emotions are placed upon this 2D plane using a variable to represent each axis
who proposed the circumplex model of affect?
Russell (1980)
what 2 variables represent each axis in the circumplex model?
valence (pleasant-unpleasant scale of the emotion)
arousal (intensity of the emotion)
according to Russell’s (1980) circumplex model, what is each emotional experience the outcome of?
a combination of valence and arousal levels
translated by the brain as representing a specific emotion
these mental interpretations are used by the brain to identify the physical bodily changes that occur during a specific emotion
methods of inducing emotions
pictures
films
recall
music
social interaction
advantages of pictures to induce emotions
low cognitive demand
low language demand
good for EEG/fMRI testing
disadvantages of pictures to induce emotions
limited range of emotions
human facial expressions can be exaggerated (more subtle in real life)
static
individual differences
dimensions to consider when choosing which method of emotion induction is best
experimental demand
standardisation
ecological validity
methods of measuring emotions
self reports
facial actions
duchenne smile
activation on the orbicularis muscles around the eyes in the genuine smile
how can facial expressions of emotions be measured?
video system
facial electromyography
facial action coding scheme (FACS)
Ekman & Friesen (1978)
accounts for all visible and distinguishable facial muscle movements
computer assisted coding
issues with self-reports
memory
awareness
