Industrial Revolution unit 3 Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
When was the industrial revolution
A
1750- 1900
2
Q
Urbanisation
A
The proses of changing a rural area into an urban area
3
Q
Revolution
A
A dramatic change that happens over a shirt period of time
4
Q
Industry the products that are made
A
5
Q
What were the causes of Industrial Revolution
A
Education
enlightenment
Abandoning religion
Money / capital
Invest in inventions & infrastructure
Power
6
Q
What reassures were available in the Industrial Revolution
A
Coal
Iron
Ore
Wood
Rubber
Oil
Water
7
Q
Population of Britain in 1750
A
11 million
8
Q
Population of Britain in 1825
A
21 million
9
Q
Population of Britain in 1900
A
40 million
10
Q
Population of Britain today
A
68.35 million
11
Q
Transport in 1750
A
Foot horse or boat
12
Q
Transport in 1825
A
Canals 2 days from London to Edinburgh
13
Q
Transport in 1900
A
Railways London to Edinburgh 9 hours
14
Q
Jobs in 1750
A
Farming was most common as most lived in urban areas
15
Q
Jobs in 1825
A
Still many farmers but many worked in coal mines iron works or factories
16
Q
Jobs in 1900
A
Most machines were mowers by steam not many used water wheels steam power more reliable than water power
17
Q
Living conditions in 1750
A
Didn’t know dirt and germs made them ill many babies died before fist birthday many women died having them
18
Q
Living conditions in 1825
A
Many moved to cities so lived in dirty crowded places disease spread easily thought water and germs in tight conditions
19
Q
Living conditions in 1900
A
Water piped to towns and streets were cleaned sewers improved and killer diseases were less common
20
Q
Health and medicine in 1750
A
Lots if killer diseases
Operations were painful as patients were awake when done
21
Q
Health and medicine in 1825
A
Doctor Cohn a way to stop small pax was the only important change since 1750
22
Q
Health and medicine in 1900
A
Doctors could stop people catching killer diseases
Patients were no longer awake during operations
23
Q
What was kinetic energy
A
A more effective energy source from steam
24
Q
How was kinetic energy made
A
Fire would heat up water creations steam which would push a wind turbine creating energy
25
Causes of rising population
Increase birth rate
Decrease death rate
26
How was birth rates counted before 1801 and why was it inefficient
Number of baptisms
ineffective because not all were religious
doesn’t show children that died before burials
if parents weren’t accepted by church if they were criminal or in debt
Couldn’t afford it
Churches with incomplete records
27
How was death rates counted before 1801and why was it ineffective
Number of burial funerals
ineffective because mass graves
dying abroad
Churches with incomplete records
28
How did better farming help increase the population
29
How did better farming help increase the population
Healthier people - safer to have children
Good diet - protein dairy vegetables helped people fight diseases
30
How did better farming help increase the population
31
How did better farming help increase the population
32
How did better midwives help increase the population
Increased the birth rate as more children survived snd decreased the death rests as more women survived because of better hospital care
33
How did cleaner clothes help increase the population
Clothes cleaned meaning fabrics didn’t carry diseases when they were washable
33
How did better farming help increase the population
33
How did younger marriages help increase the population
Longer time to have children
Would be looked after by children in old age
34
How did vaccinations help increase the population
Less children died form small pox and less died from other diseases
35
How did soap help increase the population
People in hospitals were cleaner meaning less diseases spread to babies
Reduced risk of deadly germs and diseases spreading
36
How did cleaner cities help increase the population
Less diseases spread through water affecting children
Less diseases spread through dirt in the cities
37
How did doctors help increase the population
More were trained to help deliver babies meaning less children died
More cures for deadly diseases
37
How did more children help increase the population
They could work in factories at a young age and provide money for the family
37
How did less alcohol help increase the population
Women not drinking alcohol was good for babies
Less people died from alcohol as the price was raised to stop this
38
How did smart children help increase the population
People were more educated on childcare which was good for children
Educated children could look after themselves better
Could get jobs as doctors curing diseases
39
Why were gin prices raised
Many people were buying it affecting their and their children’s health so higher prices meant less could buy it forcing them to stop drinking
40
Domestic system
Everyone in the household plays a part can produce woollen cloth
41
Order of the domestic system
Clothier buys wool from farmer
Family turn it into cloth
Different family dyes it
Clothier collects it to be sold
42
Flying shuttle
John Kay 1733
43
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves 1764
44
What was good about the spinning Jenny and flying shuttle
Still could be used in the home so would work with the domestic system but produces it faster increasing profit
45
How are spinning Jenny and flying shuttle powered
Turning handle
Pressing pedal
46
How many threads could they make
8 at once and later 80
Flying shuttle allowed wider cloths so be made
Spinning Jenny only needed 1 wheel
47
Clothier
Person who trades wool
48
Carding
Process of untangling wheel wool
49
Spinning
Simple machine used to make single threads
50
Yarn
Fine threads made by twisting wool
51
Loom
Special machine that weaves yarn into wool
52
Industrialisation
Making cottage machines into factories
53
George Stephenson
Locomotive connected Manchester and Liverpool railway in 1830
54
How many hours a day did children work
Young as 8 worked 12 hours a day could be killed or harmed by machines
55
When did the trade union start
1840s protected workers rights
56
How did Britains cities change
2 cities London and Norwich with 50,000 people to 29 cities
57
How did railways change
1860 more than 10,000 miles of railways
58
How much thread could be made by 1 factory per day
240 miles
59
What did people like about factory work
240 miles per day
60
How did people get lots of capitol
Loans and investment and the slave trade
61
Capitol
Large amounts of money
62
What was the difference in clothing before and after the Industrial Revolution
Before it was less colourful and after it was more
63
Smog
Pollution mixture of smoke and fog
64
Better jobs
Iron working
Coal mining
Weaving
fire men
65
Worse jobs in the Industrial Revolution
Rat catchers
Leech collectors
Tosher
Chimney sweeps
Resurrectionists
66
Tosher
Sifting through sewage to find valuables to sell
67
Resurrectionists
Medical schools would pay them to dig up graves to practice on sell or use body parts
68
Match girls
Mainly women who worked making matches could develop phosphorus necrosis ( phossy jaw) from chemicals that would erode bones in jaw could lead to facial disfigurement and brain damage
69
Workhouses
1834 poor relief was removed so only workhouses left for the poor
70
Why did people not like the idea of workhouses
People didn’t want to pay taxes for other people thought if they removed help then people would be forced to find jobs which would benefit them and the economy
71
Who was in the workhouses
Unemployed people originally not children but in 1839 made up almost half the inmates
72
What were inmates
People who lived in workhouses
73
What happened to families in workhouses
They would be split into men women snd children
Many orphaned children were there too
74
What happened to children in workhouses
They could stay or be sold to factories
75
What were children known as
The white slaves of England
76
What were children promised when they went to work at factories
Well paid and fed and be transformed into ladies and gentlemen
77
What age did children work as apprentices
7-21
78
How old were children when they were taken by factories and who did they target
Orphans as they were vulnerable 7-8 years old
79
When did injuries often happen
Last 2 hours of day when lost concentration
80
Why couldn’t children wear shoes in factories
Could trip and start fire to machine Because of metal on end of shoe
81
Positives of child labour
Education fed shelter
82
Why were children important for factory development
Machines designed for children to operate
83
Did Britain have a youthful or ageing population
Youthful as in 1820 40% of Britains population
84
Why did factories want children
Small nimble children
Could adapt and be taught quicker
85
James watt
Born -1736
1764 made old steam engine faster & reliable used less coal
1781 designed new steam engine that could turn a wheel
1800 produced some of worlds best steam engines streamlined
Business partner mettle Boulton
86
George Stevenson
Born 1781
First worked in coal mine with father at 14
1841 produces safety lamp for miners
1821 given job of making Stockton & Darlington railway- opened 1825
87
Michel Faraday
Born 1791
worked in bookshop where he became interested in science
Most interested in electricity and magnetism
1831 learned to generate electricity
88
Ada Lovelace
Born 1815
Studied science and maths since
17 she met a mathematician Charles Babbage - designed calculating machine
Worked on how the machine could be developed to calculate numbers
Considered first computer
89
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Born Portsmouth 1806
1829 designed Clifton suspension bridge
1833 designed & built great western railway
Designed 3 ships
Great western 1837
Great Britain 1843
Great eastern 1858
90
Henry Bessemer
Born Hertfordshire 1813
Designed machine for putting perforation on postage stamp
New way to make glass
Machine for converting iron - steel
Ideas were copied off him so 8 cities and towns are named after him
91
Alexander Graham Bell
Born Edinburgh 1847
Wife was deaf so made hearing aids
Came up with the idea of a phone
Made phone 1876 accused of copying others
92
Conditions in workhouses
Hung as punishment
Some got 3 meals a day
Beer often to fight bacteria in water
Breaking rules punishable with 2 days no food
93
Workhouse schools
Boys taught reading
Girls taught craft and sewing
Uniforms
Poor parents were thought lazy so separating children from them would make the children not lazy
94
Workhouse rules
Silence
No bad language
Not insult people
Not threaten people
No pretend sickness
No talking between men and women but would see each other at meals and chapel
95
Who made workhouses
Edwin Chadwick
96
Worse workhouse
Andover union
97
Why did people stay in cities despite poor living conditions
More jobs
98
How did they think disease travelled
Through smell not through t water
99
What did they call disease travelling through smell
Miasma
100
What did they do with toilet/ waste water
Empty it into drinking water
101
What was the housing change Myther Tydfil
1760- 40 houses
1851 - 46,000 people
102
What was infant mortality like in Myther Tydfil
2 in 5 died before age 1
103
What diseases spread through t places like Myther Tydfil
Cholera typhus TB
104
What was the great stink
Created by human waste industrial waste and lack of sewers
105
Why was the great stink good
It was described as a turning point as the sewers we use today are used
106
Who was John snow
Made a book that by removing water pipe nobody died in a pub were they were drinking beer
Idea only accepted 30 years later
Disproved miasma
107
Transport in Industrial Revolution
1706 - turnpike trust
1761- first canal
1804- first train
1825- Stockton- Darlington railway
1830- Edinburgh- London 48 hours
108
