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History year 8 > Slave trade unit 2 > Flashcards

Slave trade unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Dehumanisation

A

The process of depriving someone of their human rights and humanity to make them seem like lesser beings to justify treating them awfully

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2
Q

3 reasons for the fall of the Mali empire

A

Weak rulers
Short reigns
Dynastic rivalries

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3
Q

When was the Mail empire

A

1235- 1600

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4
Q

Non European countries that were involved in slave trading before Europeans

A

Arabs

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5
Q

How were Africans enslaved by other Africans treated differently than by the Europeans

A

They were enslaved because of debt or war and weren’t sold

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6
Q

What jobs did slaves do in Africa

A

Work for farmers and families

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7
Q

When did the Portuguese first arrive in Africa

A

1444

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8
Q

What is the door of no return

A

The door which led to sea that no slaved returned alive from

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9
Q

Where were the slaves transported to from Luanda

A

Caribbean then North America

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10
Q

When did different European states start slave trading

A

England 1562
Holland 1626
France 1640
Denmark 1650
Sweeden 1650

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11
Q

What role did ivory play in the slave trade

A

Was transported with the slaves - dehumanisation they are shipped like and with materials

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12
Q

Why did some Africans trade other Africans

A

To transport raw materials like ivory around often to be sold to Europeans

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13
Q

Main docks in England for slave ships

A

Bristol
Liverpool
London

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14
Q

Where was step one of the triangular trade

A

England to west Africa

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15
Q

What goods went on step one of the triangular trade

A

Manufactured goods
Gunpowder
rum
Beads
Pots
Guns
Brandy
Pots & pans
Sugar

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16
Q

Where was step 2 on the triangular trade

A

West Africa to east and central America
Middle passage

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17
Q

How many people were on a boat in the middle passage

A

Around 700

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18
Q

How long woukd the middle passage take

A

1-3 months 6-8 weeks

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19
Q

How did the Europeans enslave people form west Africa

A

Used manufactured goods to trade for enslaved people could be used as bribes to sell a village with the help of a local

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20
Q

Where was step 3 of the triangular trade

A

Caribbean to England

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21
Q

What happened to the people when they arrived in America/ Europe

A

Sold forced to work to produce
Cotton
Sugar
Coffee
Tobacco

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22
Q

What were the goods slaves were forced to produce called

A

Raw goods

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23
Q

How many people in total over the slave trading period went to South America

A

5 million

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24
Q

How many people in total over the slave trading period went to Central America

A

0.2 million

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25
How many people in total over the slave trading period went to the Caribbean
4.5 million
26
How many people in total over the slave trading period went to east America
0.5 million
27
How many people in total over the slave trading period went to England
0.3 million
28
How many did not survive the middle passage
2 million
29
Which way were the cannons on the ships facing
Inwards
30
How long would it take to board
Weeks
31
Where were the men on the ship
Chained together lying down on one side
32
Where were the women on the ship
Chained together lying down on the other side
33
Where were children on the ship
In the middle free to move around
34
How could you die
Disease spread easily in close conditions and netting around the ship to stop them jumping off but death was considered better than what they were experiencing
35
Did they know what was happening
Didn’t speak English or each others languages
36
What made it legal to do this
It was legal to do this for animals and they considered people animals so they had the same laws
37
When was the zong massacre
1781
38
How many were thrown overboard on the zong
132
39
Was anyone prosecuted after the zong massacre
No one
40
How many people were enslaved per year
42,000
41
When did people start to object to the transatlantic slave trade
1800s
42
How many were enslaved per year at the start and end
500- 80,000
43
Where was the ship the zong from
It was Dutch and purchased by a family called Gregsons March 1781 after being captured along with 3 other ships in 1780
44
Why was the Zong captured by the British
The British objected to the Dutch supplying other countries so they sent a letter of mark and was caught by a ship in Bristol in 1780 with 244 captives aboard
45
How many did the zong carry
Was supposed to carry 200 but carried 400
46
Why were people thrown overboard
If they were sick going to die or rebelling
47
What was the defence for throwing people over
That they were running out of water but they had 3 weeks of water from rain and still threw 36 peope over
48
How many were thrown overboard on the zong
132 in 3 days
49
How many crew members per person
23 per every crew member and they profited from throwing people over
50
Who was the captain on the zong
Luke Collingwood
51
Why were rumours spread through west Africa
To make people weary of the British
52
How did some slaves escape
Bought their freedom and then worked to stop slavery by spreading awareness
53
What did they free enslaved say in court
What the British were doing was murder
54
What did some people think should be done about the slave trade
Should be changed but not stopped
55
What did other people argue in court
That the slave trade escalated to quickly
56
What was done to make the enslaved people look healthier when they were sold in land
They were cleaned with water and oil Had tar rubbed onto them to cover injuries
57
Slave auction
The enslaved person would go to the highest bidder
58
Slave scramble
When there would be a set price and the enslaved person went to the first person who bought them
59
Why did they change the enslaved persons name
To take away anything that gave the person freedom
60
What was the branding tool used for
To show who the enslaved person ‘belonged to’
61
When was the transatlantic slave trade
1500s - 1800s
62
Did the enslaved people have breaks
They worked as soon as it was light and at noon they had 10 - 15 minutes to rest and would then work until after dark
63
What days did they get off
Sunday as the bible says it is the day of rest and all plantation owners were religious
64
What legal rights did enslaved people have
They had none and we’re not allowed to learn to read or write slave hunters to find those who escaped and harsh punishments when they did
65
How many hours did they work for
Different depending in age but around 15- 16 hours
66
How did many rebel in less violent ways
Spoke native language Pretended to be ill to not work Damage tools or machinery Secretly practice own religion and not being Christian after being forced to
67
What jobs did people have
House cleaners Cooks Servants Cotton picking
68
What jobs did young have
3-4 work weeding or carrying water
69
What jobs did old have
Gardening Horse and carriage driver Cleaning Nursing Cutting down trees in forest Loading / unloading ships Making sails
70
What was their daily life like
Poor diet No health care
71
Average life expectancy of an enslaved person on a plantation
26 years Expected to live no more than 8 years after they arrived at the plantation theme be replaced
72
Punishments
Beating with stick Breaking bones Chaines / iron rings around neck Put in dungeon Slitting ears Breaking limbs Amputation Taking out eyes
73
Why did most slave rebellions fail
Owners and weapons healthy life not weak Enslaved were often chained together Many were scared to join Soldiers were often involved to stop it
74
When was Haitian revolution
1791 - 1804
75
Why was picking cotton dangerous
Cuts ad infections
76
What sparked revolution in slavery
French removed monarchy as they thought all people should be equal then slaves found out and thought they deserved the same
77
How did a slave army get trained
1776 freed slave worked paid as a slave overseer and when revolution broke out he trained them and became their leader
78
What did French Revolution mean
End to wealthy privileges All have same rights Reshaping hierarchy Rights for minorities
79
Why did Haiti want freedom
France had freedom and they wanted the same but were denied it as it was the ‘sugar capitol’ and was very important
80
1 of Haitan revolution
Ceremony on 22nd August 1791 signaled uprising snd slaves killed thousands of plantation owners within days
81
2 of Haitan revolution
Slave owners fought back killing thousands rebellion leader L’averture said they would work for better conditions but they refused
82
3 of Haitan revolution
1793 France at war with Britain and Spain Governor Sontomax compromised that after they joined the army and fought for France the would be freed and made citizens of France
83
4 of Haitan revolution
L’averture changed allegiance to France and negotiated truce with Britain by agreeing not to rebellions in Caribbean
84
6 of Haitan revolution
1801 feared new French emperor would reintroduce slavery so he declared that it could never be brought back and declared himself governor for life
85
7 of Haitan revolution
Napoleon soldiers to Caribbean to regain control for France Haitians used scorched earth policy
86
8 of Haitan revolution
L’averture negotiated that he would stand down troops if slavery would never be restored he was betrayed sent to France died in prison 1803
87
9 of Haitan revolution
1st January 1804 new state of Haiti was declared and first ti be founded by former slaves
88
Scorched earth policy
Destroying anything useful to the enemy
89
August 22nd
1791 slaves attacked stabbed or poisoned plantation owners
90
How many rebelling slaves 1791
1,000 - 20,000
91
When did enthusiasm crumble
1791 French government sent 10,000 soldier to crush rebellion
92
What happened in 1807
Slave trading was made illegal but could still own slaves
93
What happened in 1833
Law passed to abolish slave ownership
94
What did people do to make people of England want slavery
Told them with less workers prices would go up and poor would suffer Told them that abolitionists were invested in plantations
95
Abolitionists methods
Records of slaves Blueprints of ships Propaganda- pictures of shackles wounds Survivor accounts Petitions Protest/ riots / marches
96
How many signed the petition in Manchester
100,000
97
How many people did Bristol transport
400,000
98
What % of sugar was made in the Caribbean
89%-90%
99
What was sugar known as
White gold as it made people rich
100
Abolished slavery in Brazil
Was one of the last to do so 1888
101
How many people did Bristol merchants ship
1 million
102
When did Bristol lose trade to Liverpool
1760
103
What was the name of the ship that helped abolish slavery
The brooks as it blue prints got leaked to show how bad the conditions were
104
What does the Zong’s name mean
Care / peace
105
Who was William wilberforce
A famous abolishonist
106
Who was Thomas Clarkson
Someone who wrote a book about the slave trade
107

History year 8 (7 decks)

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