Industrial Transformation

Question 1

What was the annual growth rate from 1894-1913?

Answer 1

8%

Question 2

Who initially masterminded this impressive industrial expansion?

Answer 2

Witte

Question 3

Who did Witte build his policies on?

Answer 3

Vyshnegradsky

Question 4

What happened to railway trackage under Witte?

Answer 4

Railway trackage virtually doubled under Witte

Question 5

When did Witte become finance minister?

Answer 5

1892

Question 6

How did foreign investment soar?

Answer 6

France supplied ⅓ of all foreign capital

Question 7

What happened to foreign investment 1894-1914?

Answer 7

increased by nearly 8x

Question 8

What did Witte introduce in 1897 to strengthen the currency and encourage foreign confidence and investment?

Answer 8

a new rouble

Question 9

By early 1900s how much of Russia’s railways was State controlled?

Answer 9

70%

Question 10

Who dubbed the late 1890s ‘the great spurt’?

Answer 10

The economic historian, Alexander Gerschenkron

Question 11

By 1905, how many km of railway did Russia have?

Answer 11

nearly 60,000km of railways

Question 12

Why was the growthrate of the railways still limited?

Answer 12

The growth rate was still limited in comparison to the size of the country

Question 13

What were the railways useful for?

Answer 13

• The railways nevertheless helped the transport of Russian raw materials
• They also linked grain-growing areas to the Black Sea ports, so reinforcing the export drive

Question 14

How did the railways stimulate the development of new industries?

Answer 14

trans siberian railway construction

Question 15

How did railway boost the economy?

Answer 15

• Transport costs fell, bringing down the price of goods
• Government made money from passenger fares

Question 16

How did Witte believe big increases in heavy goods production could be achieved?

Answer 16

By concentrating production in key areas and by developing large factory units of over 1000 or so workers

Question 17

What were the main areas for industrialisation?

Answer 17

SP, Moscow and Donbas region

Question 18

By 1914, Russia was the worlds (____) largest producer of coal, pg iron and steel

Answer 18

4th

Question 19

By 1914, how was Russia doing industrially compared to other countries?

Answer 19

By 1914 Russia was the world’s 5th largest industrial power

Question 20

How was Moscow an industrial centre?

Answer 20

main link between Europe and East through railways

Question 21

How did SP grow?

Answer 21

the expansion of the Putilov Iron Works