Industrialisation and Protest

Question 1

what made the industrial revolution possible

Answer 1

Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine 1712
proto-type for steam powered factories
spinning jenny 1770 revolutionised textiles

Question 2

why was the growth in banking a cause of the industrial revolution

Answer 2

financial transaction easier and safer
clear way to manage mone-growth on national scale
source of capital
loans on machinery (esp cotton)

Question 3

how many bankers were there in 1808

Answer 3

800 banks

Question 4

what were county banks allowed to do in 1797

Answer 4

paper currency

Question 5

give an example of a big bank in london

Answer 5

Goldsmiths

Question 6

what was a joint stock bank

Answer 6

owned by several people
allowed growth on national scale
cap on them in 1826

Question 7

what did the gov allow joint stock banks to do in 1833

Answer 7

issue cheques

draw them out at any bank

Question 8

how many stock banks were there in 1866

Answer 8

154 joint stock banks

850 branches

Question 9

numbers which show how the bank loan for textile machinery allowed it to grow

Answer 9

1833 £500 million+ employed 833,000

Question 10

what sped up the process of cotton spinning

Answer 10

Arkwright’s water frame 1769

Cromptons spinning mule 1779

Question 11

how did banks help the landed gentry

Answer 11

could invest in building railways+docks to help trade

Question 12

a new industrial middle class

Answer 12

1816-1831 increased by 75%
214,000+
created ‘master and servant’ relationship-fuelled later social movements

Question 13

north/south divide

Answer 13

counties used to have economic power-provided food

industry moved areas wi better transport+coalfields

Question 14

which areas of Britain had coalfields

Answer 14

midlands, clyde valley + North

Question 15

what did area of work did each part of the country specialise in

Answer 15

NW= textile
NE=mining
midlands=engineering
south=agrarian-still important for food

Question 16

farming tech

Answer 16

Andrew Meikles Threshing machine 1789

Question 17

population growth in cities

Answer 17

1750 2 cities wi pop 50,000+
1851 29
London 2.3 million

Question 18

why was there an increase in population growth in cities

Answer 18

road improved
rail networks
people moved near factories where they worked
Manchester, Leeds Bham

Question 19

living conditions in industrial towns

Answer 19

back to backs 
dark 
respiratory problems 
1801 2/3 B'ham in B2B
1831 cholera outbreak 32,000

Question 20

what attitude did the gov have toward the economy

Answer 20

laissez faire

Question 21

what was the combinations act and how does it show gov attitude toward industrial development

Answer 21

1799-1800
illegal to form trade union
didn’t want a revolution of workers

Question 22

servant act 1823 and what does it show about government

Answer 22

failure to fill contract of work was a crime
could go to prison
stop people from taking industrial action

Question 23

how did the gov strengthen their power over transports

Answer 23

1844 railway regulation act

Question 24

example of laissez faire gov attitude

Answer 24

repeal corn laws 1846

only intervene in times of need?

Question 25

why did the gov repeal the corn laws

Answer 25

saw as a hinderence so remove to promote industrialisation

Question 26

1844 Banking Charter Act

Answer 26

new joint stock banks cap lifetime 20 yrs | gov involvement

Question 27

working conditions in factories

Answer 27

accidents, purpose profit men 14/6 fines for lateness e.g hour wage 1770-1850 6-55 mill tons of coal used

Question 28

what was the working conditions like for women

Answer 28

half pay of men | jobs men didnt want 'hurrier in the mines'

Question 29

working conditions for children

Answer 29

1821 49% working population 20+under | kids under machine pick up cotton don't waste it

Question 30

minings act 1842

Answer 30

women couldn't work in mines | boys under 10 not in mines

Question 31

the luddites

Answer 31

nottingham 1811 | agresssive against employers intro of steam powered looms

Question 32

what protest did the luddites do

Answer 32

1812 1,000 frames destroyed

Question 33

what was the government response to the luddites

Answer 33

1812 frame breaking act | frame breaking crime punishable by death

Question 34

Why did the luddites protest

Answer 34

response to economic fear angry being replaced by unskilled workers+machinery emotive response- loss of identity

Question 35

Ten hour movement

Answer 35

1830 realised violence didn't work petitions+mass meetings

Question 36

which influential people were attracted to the ten hour movement

Answer 36

Michael Sadler+Lord Ashley | the moral perspective appealed to them

Question 37

what was the result of the 10 hour movement

Answer 37

1833 factory act | restricted hours of child lab but not to ten

Question 38

why was the ten hour movement partially successful

Answer 38

strong support in influential circles

Question 39

examples of early 19th century industrial protest

Answer 39

luddites ten hour movement swing riots

Question 40

Captain swing and Agrarian unrest

Answer 40

1830 south swing riots 2 poor harvests+threshing machine takes winter work wanted wage increase+reduced rent 1st example strength of rural populations

Question 41

how did the swing riots contribute to the reform act

Answer 41

riots happening on land which MPs owned scared them 1,976 arrested

Question 42

who supported factory reform

Answer 42

working class MPs worried about long term productivity moral groups-ashely different motives so group wasnt stable

Question 43

why did some MPs argue reform had to happen for long term productivity reasons?

Answer 43

over work children now long term health damage don't work as well when older

Question 44

who opposed factory reform

Answer 44

industrial middle class wanted free trade needed to be left to run own factories changes affect short term productivity+costs

Question 45

why did the middle class business owners not like the corn laws

Answer 45

had to pay workers more so they could be healthy and afford enough bread

Question 46

what was the problem with the 1802,1819+1831 factory acts

Answer 46

weren't enforced

Question 47

good points about 1833 factory act

Answer 47

``` more paternal gov no child under 9 work children under 13 2 hours education per day inspect factories symbol gov had listened ```

Question 48

what were the limitations of the 1833 factory act

Answer 48

only applied to textile industry only 4 men on inspectorate conformed society to seperate spheres

Question 49

what did the 1833 factory act leave open

Answer 49

prospect of more reform 1844 FA limite womens working same as children fencing on machines increase conern for safety/wanted women at home more

Question 50

1847 factory act

Answer 50

10 hour working day | not for men

Question 51

where did the demand for reform of living conditions come from

Answer 51

more wealth in the country harder to escape poverty bigger rich/poor gap

Question 52

what did Edwin Chadwick determine as the reason for poor living conditions

Answer 52

cause+spread of disease 1842 Peel's response= it's a local issue+wanted limited gov

Question 53

what was the Health of Towns Association

Answer 53

promoted public health act | had affluent members

Question 54

Public Health Act 1848

Answer 54

``` public pressure+typhus outbreak set up central board of health not enforced didn't rlly help working class did set a precedent ```

Question 55

burial act 1852-57

Answer 55

reduce frequency of disease | public network of cemeteries

Question 56

sanitary act 1866

Answer 56

enforcement of sanitary practices sanitary inspections couldn't overlook responsibilities