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Unionism and Co-operation Flashcards

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1
Q

how did industrialisation contribute to unionism and co-operation

A

free trade took away independence+forced collective work

no more cottage industries

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2
Q

what two factors increased trade unionism

A

more factories= increased demand for workers could see their value
gov allowed independent regulation of business

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3
Q

trade societies

A

early organisations
skilled workers want to protect their trade
had a ‘close shop practice’ (only employ members of a union)

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4
Q

example of a trade society

A

London Printers 1793

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5
Q

were trade societies successful

A

yes, were needed for their trade

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6
Q

what tactics did trade societies use

A

strike+collective bargaining

some didn’t- wanted to protect families

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7
Q

knobsticks

A

immigrants who didn’t support union action

readiness of immigrant labour- undermined cause for worker protection

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8
Q

what facilitated the growth of trade unions

A

postal+rail= communication
led to Grand National Consolidated Trade union 1834
collection of unions

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9
Q

National Association for The Protection of Labour

A

1829
only lasted 2years
showed growing determination of unionism along broader lines

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10
Q

how were trade unions different than trade societies

A

bigger+broader interests

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11
Q

what was the most commons trade union action

A

strike for increase pay

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12
Q

how did population growth affect the trade union movement

A

1750-1850 6 mill to 17 mill+

power back to employers

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13
Q

how did the napoleonic wars impact the growth in trade unions

A

econ discontent-food prices up=demand higher wages

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14
Q

example of a group of workers protesting due to the affects of the napoleonic wars

A

weavers in wigon
stop wage reduction
1799
Association of weavers 14 branches lancashire in may 1799

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15
Q

how do the wigan weaver protests show the extent of the economic problems after the napoleonic wars

A

industry with above average wages

still demanding highers

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16
Q

how did the emergence of the factory system affect the growth of trade unions

A

employer+employee bad relations, don’t feel working for a common goal
conflicting values+interests wages vs profit

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17
Q

when was the combination acts repealed

A

1825

trade unions were now legal

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18
Q

why did early trade unions fail

A

employer power

too wedded to individual trade

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19
Q

what did the gov see trade unions an obstacle to?

A

wealth

french rev increase fear of unions

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20
Q

how did unions react to combinations act

A 
still grew (postal letters) 
largely ignored
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21
Q

how were gov attitudes toward trade unions influenced

A

circumstance
prosperity=liberal gov
MPs e.g Peel- more open minded

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22
Q

example to show gov still favoured employer

A

master and servants act 1823

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23
Q

what was the impact of trade unionism growth for employers and the gov

A

rise in militancy
1810+1818 cotton spinners strike
spread to other trades

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24
Q

what was the impact of trade unionism growth on the working class

A

Grand national 1+ mill members

document introduced

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25
what was the 'document'
sign to say say not+will not be in union if did could be fired caused collapse of grand national 1835 lots of members left
26
why was the grand national not successful in the long term
16K/1 MILL paid fees 1834 derby workers strike 4 months- most left union+went back to work union couldn't fund those on strike
27
Tolpuddle Martyrs
dorset unionism in countryside lack of employment 6 farmers protested
28
what was the result of the tolpuddle martyrs
1797 unlawful oath act invoked (7 yrs in prison exiled to australia)
29
The Almalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE)
1st sign of model unionism 12,000 members combination of 3 smaller unions 1851 reaction to industrialisation+unskilled lab
30
who did 'new model unionism' support
skilled trade | Beatrice Webb; 'aristocracy of labour'
31
how were new models funded
members taxed | didn't rely on donations
32
ASE funds by 1852
£12,000 most prominent union
33
what did the ASE do between 1859-60 which inspired others to re-consider the traditional localised, industry specific model
supported London Builders Strike | used own resources to help others
34
why did new model unionism get a better social response
moderate actions conformed with victorian society
35
why did skilled labourers gain more leverage in 1850s
was relied upon e.g engineers to advance factory machinery | 1874 trade union movement 1+ mill members
36
what was the government feelings toward new model unions
wanted goof relations but not give them too much power 1867 repealed worse parts of master servant act not many people in unions could vote but could influence voters
37
the foundation of the trade union congress
1st universal organisation of labour | became more politicised
38
what was the problems with the trade unions
still not unity, new models focused on own trades | unskilled still localised
39
what was a trade council
grouping of local trade unions in an industry no national voice voice were all very autonomous
40
what was the foundation of the trade union congress
meeting 1868 34 delegates representing 118,000
41
how did the tuc become more politicised
2nd reform act 1867 send qualified men to parliament
42
example of a trade council
1860 london trade council | represent workers in london
43
what was the gov response to new model unionism
before 1850 negative after more considerate due to strength e.g ASE has skilled trade economy relied on
44
what was the molestation of workmen act 1859
more rights to peaceful protest outside workplace | only conservative reform
45
1867 royal commission
set up to investigate 'sheffield' outrages | should give unions more power?
46
what did the minority report conclude from the investigation of the royal commission
trade unions complete legality | created trade union act 1871
47
what started the growth of co-operative movements
new lanark robert owen 1779-1828 | idea everyone should have a good life
48
what did Robert Owen stress
power of education+importance of employee welfare
49
did Robert Owen want to make a profit
yes | but employee experience and well being was more important
50
what did Owen say shaped someone's character
their environment | wanted to build communities that look after people
51
how did Owen motivate people to work
``` punishment replace wi incentive to work silent monitor(colour block above head-quality of work) ```
52
what was the idea behind Owen's silent monitor
appeal to workers sense of social standing
53
conditions at New Lanark
10=min working age 12hr=max working day 1h30=lunch free child education
54
how did Owen respond to the USA cotton embargo
still paid workers even though not working
55
what did Owen new lanark inspire
co-operative+economical society 1821 | 'the co-operator' newsppr 1827
56
how many co-operative stores were there by 1832
500
57
co-operative stores vs communal
more co-operatives showed difficulty living in the competitive society
58
what did co-op stores have
good quality goods fair prices profits to owners/customers
59
what was an exchange bazar (co-operative activies)
exchange good for tokens equal value of good only lasted two years
60
what happened to most co-operative activies
failed= had no business sense and lacked members | did create more equalisation by 1860s
61
the Rochdale pioneers
1840s depressed economic climate encouraged new activities | rochal co-op shop 1844 formalised model of co-op business
62
did other trades like co-ops
no
63
how were the rochdale pioneers successful and other co-ops weren't
set clear principles to follow
64
what were some of the principles of the rochdale pionners
profit/ upon amount purchased by each person full weights and measures (attracted customers) leaders more 'honest' businessmen as they elected
65
after reading about the rochdale pioneers how many more co-ops were set up
251 | pioneers grew so much they sre up co-op wholesale society 1863
66
co-operative economics
profit/more people=modest improvement over larger portion of society co-ops total owned property= £300,000 by 1870s
67
what was a friendly society
reaction to individualistic nature of industrialisation | men came together provide benefits for eachother e.g insurance,pensions,loans (paid into mutual fund)
68
why did the gov not like friendly societies
could stir up revolution
69
friendly societies act 1793
had to register as one had to have a set of rules on how they govern themselves activity reports every 3 months
70
what was the aim of the friendly societies act 1793
reduce numbers+more trasnparency | did the opposite
71
growth of friendly societies
1803=8% population members of friendly | members=skilled workers+excluded poorest (couldn't pay fee)
72
later developments of friendly societies
industry areas | grew due to ban/negative image of trade unions
73
friendly societies act 1855
how to registers with central gov departments 'registra of FS' gov shhowed more interest as they grew
74
did gov see the benefit of friendly societies
started to, recognised welfare benefits
75
ratio of FS to trade unions by 1870
4:1

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