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industries Flashcards

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1
Q

Define industry.

A

“Industry is a place or a process in which we convert the shape of raw material with the help tools and machines into finished goods.”

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2
Q

Write down different types of Industries. how many types we can divide the industries according to their vastness?

A

Industries are very vast sector of manufacturing therefore these are divided into following different types: (i)Cottage Industry · (ii)Community/local industries (iii) Primary or Simple Industries (iv)Heavy Industries

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3
Q

Define Cottage Industries

A

and explain it with examples?

Cottage or handicraft industries are those industries in which all the productive work is being done inside the homes of the workers”. Examples: Cooking, iron work, gold work, silver work, carpets, rugs, stone work, clay pots and toys

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4
Q

Write down important physical factors required for industrial development

A

(i)Land availability(ii)Raw material(iii) demand(iv) Energy resources (v)Suitable Climate (vi) Water resources (vii) Physical features

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5
Q

Write down suitable socio-economic factors for development of industries?

A

(i)Capital (ii)Skilled Labour (iii)Demand (iv)means of transportations (v)Market availability (vi)Management (vii)Tax structure (viii)Govt. patronage & Political system.

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6
Q

Describe importance of industries. Sort out the impacts of industrial revolution or industrialization

A

(i)Increase national income (ii)Increases income of people (iii)Increases exports (iv)Increases foreign exchange (v)Source of economic stability (vi)Source of innovation (New goods for market)

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7
Q

Define complex/heavy industries.

A

“Complex or heavy industries are those industries which are producing goods on a very large scale”. Examples: Textile industry, Chemical fertilizer industry, Cement industry, Shipping industry Petrochemicals industry, Tobacco and Lather industry, Sugar industry, Textile industry, Iron and steel industry.

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8
Q

What was the basic source of energy in the world at the beginning of industrial Revolution?

A

At the beginning of industrial Revolution Coal was big energy source in the world.

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9
Q

Write down importance of seaports and ship transportation in the international trade.

A

In the international trade seaports and sea transportation (Sea ships) play key role

because: Goods are transported in the international market via sea or oceans. Sea transport is very cheap as compared to other international sources.

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10
Q

Write down important industrial countries of the world?

A

(1)U.S.A. (2)China (3) Japan (4)South Korea (5)U.K (6)Canada (7)Russian Federation (8)Germany (9)Italy (10)France (11)India

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11
Q

Define simple/primary industries.

A

“Simple or Primary industries are those industries in which we reducing the weight of raw materials or making them able for transport.” Examples: (i)Preparation of pig iron from iron ore. (ii)Separation of cotton seed from raw cotton in the ginning factories (iii) The packing of fruits, vegetables and meat, (iv) The grinding of flour and the sawing of timber.

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12
Q

Who presented the Alfred Weber’s industrial theory in which year?

A

Alfred Weber’s theory was presented by Alfred Weber in 1909.

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13
Q

Define community/local/workshop industry.

A

“Those industries in which goods are produce to fulfill the necessities of life of the specific area or local people.” Examples: Ice factories, Bakery and dairy industries etc are the examples of community industries. These types of industries are mostly seen in developing industries.

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14
Q

When and from where industrial revolution started in the world?

A

The Industrial revolution began from UK in the late 18th century (1750).

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15
Q

Define Handicraft industries.

A

“Such industries in which all the products or goods are being made by hand or manually are called as handicraft industries” Examples: Cooking, iron work, gold work, silver work, carpets, rugs, goods made from the leaves and cane for daily use, stone work, clay pots and toys are the examples of handicrafts industry.

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16
Q

Write the names of any three most important inventions of the industrial revolution.

A

(i)Spinning & Weaving Machines (ii)The Steam engine (iii)Telephone (iv)Electric Blub (v)blast furnances

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17
Q

In which country world’s first industrial festival or exhibition took place?

A

World’s first industrial festival took place in 1851 in Britain (UK / England) in Tondon Hyde Park.

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18
Q

What is Raw material?

A

The material which is used to manufacture.goods in industries is called raw material. For example

sugarcane is a raw material for sugar industry.

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19
Q

What is the importance of energy resources in industrial development

A

There is immense importance of energy resources in industrial sector. Any country cannot make industrial progress without energy resources. Energy resources should be cheap and continuously available. For working of machines

to melt iron and for many other purposes energy is being used.

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20
Q

How many methods are used in steel manufacturing?

A

(i)Open hearth process (ii)The Bessemer process (iii)The crucible process (iv)the electric process

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21
Q

Write down the types of iron ore.

A

There are four types of iron ore: (i)Magnetite 60% to 70% iron element (ii)Hematite 50% to 60% iron elemen (iii)Limonite 50% iron element (iv)Siderite 38% iron element

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22
Q

Write down the types of steel.

A

Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Alloy Steel High Strength Steel Tool Steel

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23
Q

What do you know about open-hearth process?

A

Essentially the production of steel from pig iron

by any process

consists of burning out the excess carbon and other impurities present in the iron. In open- heart process furnace can be operated at a high temperature by regenerative preheating of the fuel gas and air used for combustion in the furnace. Through this method open hearth furnaces can reach temperatures as high 1650° C (approximately 3000°F).

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24
Q

In which industries iron is being used?

A

Iron is being used in transport

defense

architecture and other industries.

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25
What is the Crucible process?
Wrought iron (i.e. ## Footnote Iron freed from all impurities) is melted in clay and graphite pot and the carbon and alloys are added directly to the molten iron. This is an old slow and expensive process but produces the finest steel.
26
Write down the method of steel manufacturing from iron ore.
There are four stages of making steel from iron ore. (i)The iron which is obtained after purification of iron ore in the 1st stage is called Pig Iron. It contains small number of impurities. (ii)The iron which is obtained after purification of Pig iron with the help of lime stone ## Footnote Phosphorus and Sulpher in the 2ndstage is called cast iron. (iii)When Manganese is added in cast iron in the third stage it is called wrought iron. It is 100% pure iron and free from all impurities. (iv)In the final stage after obtaining pure iron small percentage of carbon is added for converting it to the steel.
27
What is Pig Iron?
The iron which is obtained after purification of iron ore in the 1 stage is called pig iron
28
What is difference between Cast iron and wrought iron?
The iron which is obtained after purification of Pig iron with the help of lime stone ## Footnote Phosphorus and Sulpher in the second stage is called cast iron.
29
Wrought Iron?
When manganese is added in cast iron it in the third stage is called wrought iron.
30
Write down the important centers on iron ore of China?
Shantung ## Footnote Beijing Shensi Chunking Wuhan Manchuria Anshan and Shanghi are important iron & steel centers of China.
31
When first cotton textile industry was established in India.
First cotton textile industry in India was established at Calcutta in 1818.
32
When was Blast Furnace introduced?
The Blast Furnaces process was introduced in 1855 (19th century) by a British Sir Henry Bessemer.
33
When latest electric furnace did was introduced in the world?
Electric furnaces for smelting Iron are being used in the world since 1960.
34
How many tons of Coal and lime stone is required for smelting one ton pig iron?
About two tons of Coal (one ton of coke and a half ton of limestone) is required for smelting one ton of iron ore.
35
Write down the names of any four important steel producing countries. How many countries are smelting about 90 percent steel in the world?
World's six largest industrial giants China ## Footnote Russia USA UK Japan and Germany are smelting about 90 percent steel of the world.
36
According to Alfred Weber's theory
which place is most suitable for Iron and steel industry? ## Footnote According to Alfred Weber's theory for Iron and steel industry that place is most suitable where coal is easily available.
37
In Iron and Steel manufacturing
where China stands in the world market? ## Footnote In Iron and steel manufacturing China ranks at the top in world market. Today no country in the world is real competitor of China while Japan which ranks at number two has half production than China.
38
What are the favourable physical factors for the establishment of Iron and steel industries?
Following factors are important for the establishment and growth of industries in the world. (i)Raw Material (ii)Temperature (iii)Power or energy Resources (iv)Water Availability (v)Location (vi)Land Availability (vii)Availability of Sea Ports (viii)Physical Features
39
Write down the names of four major iron & steel centers of Japan.
The Kwanto Plain ## Footnote Nagowa The Kinki Plain the Northern Coastal areas Nobi Kanto Region Chukyon Hanshin Toyama Kyushu Keihin Osaka Nagoya Kinki region.
40
When did iron age started in world.
Iron age in the world started 1500 B
41
Cotton textile industry is which type of economic activity?
Cotton textile industry is secondary economic activity of man. In this activity lint (Cotton fiber) is converted into thread ## Footnote cloth and fabrics.
42
Define Cotton textile industry OR What is cotton textile industry?
Such industry in which we weave the cotton fabrics from cotton lint is called as Textile industry.
43
When did cotton textile industry start in the sub-continent?
In the sub-continent before 2500 BC the house hold cotton textile manufacturing was started.
44
When Modern textile industry started in the world?
In 1843 power loom for textile manufacturing was invented in United Kingdom. Therefore ## Footnote power loom invention revolutionized the textile industry. Because ginning and spinning machine were already invented therefore weaving became very fast.
45
When Ginning machine was invented in United Kingdom?
1st Ginning' machine was invented in U.K in 1793.
46
In the world when and where spinning machine was invented?
1st spinning machine was invented in United Kingdom in 1764.
47
Write down favourable physical conditions required for cotton textile industry.
(i)Land availability at cheap price (ii)Raw material (Lent availability) (iii)Suitable climate (iv)Availability of water (v.)Cheap availability of energy resources.
48
Describe suitable socio-economic conditions for development of cotton textile industry.
(i)Availability of Capital (ii)Skilled labour (iii)Availability of machinery (iv)Demand & Market (v)Availability of chemicals (vi)Political stability
49
Write down important cotton textile manufacturing countries in the world?
(i)China (ii)India (iii)Japan (vi)Pakistan (v)South Korea (vii)USA (iv)UK (viii)Bangladesh
50
In the continent of South America
which countries are at the top in cotton textile industry? ## Footnote (i)Brazil (ii) Argentina (iii) Peru (iv)Columbia (v) Ecuador
51
Write down countries which are prominent in the manufacturing of cotton textile in the continent of North America?
(i)USA(ii) Canada(iii)Mexico(iv)Guatemala
52
In the continent of Africa name major countries in cotton textile manufacturing?
(i)Egypt (ii)Algeria (iii) Ethiopia (iv)Morocco (v)South Africa
53
In the continent of Europe which countries are important in cotton textile?
(i)Ukraine (ii)United Kingdom (iii)Belgium (iv)Chec Republic (v)Germany (vii)Spain (viii)Italy (vi)France
54
Write down India's two prominent provinces in the manufacturing of cotton textile?
Maharashtra and Gujarat are two important provinces in India in cotton textile industry.
55
Write down important cotton textile manufacturing center in Russian Federation?
(i)Ivanovo near Moscow (ii)Caucasus Region (iii)Tashkend (iv)Kirovabad
56
In Pakistan when and where first cotton textile mill was established?
In Pakistan first cotton textile mill was established in 1947 in Karachi was Valika textile Mills.
57
Which city of Pakistan is called Manchester of Pakistan?
Faisalabad is named as Manchester of Pakistan due to huge establishment of cotton textile industry.
58
Which period was prominent in England in cotton textile industry? (LB 2018 1)
At the end of 19th century industry attained such a high fame that the country became the undisputed leader of the cotton textile industry. Important areas are Scottish Lowlands ## Footnote Nottingham Ireland Lancashire Manchester and Oldham etc.
59
Mention important industrial centers of Pakistan in cotton textile industry.
Faisalabad ## Footnote Karachi Lahore Sheikhupura Hyderabad Toba Teak Singh Hafizabad and Sahiwal are main centers of cotton textile in Pakistan.
60
From where and when modern woolen textile manufacturing started in the world? From which areas modern woolen textile industry was started?
Woolen textile industry started from Mesopotamia Iraq and Egypt in 1700 B.C. After the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth-century woolen textile was progressed rapidly. Yorkshire of England is worldwide famous in the production of woolen cloth.
61
In the world
which regions provide 75 percent wool production? ## Footnote World's 75 percent wool production is obtained from Southern Hemisphere. Australia
62
"Write down important wool producing countries of the Southern Hemisphere?
(i)New Zealand (ii)Argentina (iii) Chile (iv) South Africa (v)Uruguay (vi)Austrailia
63
Write down important wool producing countries in the Northern Hemisphere?
(i)China (ii)India (iii)Iran (iv)Turkey (v)Pakistan (vi)Morocco
64
Marino sheep produce how many percent wool production of the world?
Marino sheep produce about 38 percent wool production of the world.
65
Write down major centers for woolen textile mills in India
(i)Maharashtra (ii)Uttar Pradesh (iii). Ahmadabad (iv)Calcutta (v)Bangalore (vi) Kanpur While Punjab is major province in woolen textile manufacturing ## Footnote 45 percent woolen industry is located here.
66
Write down major woolen industrial cities in China?
Beijing Canton Shanghai Hanko are major cities in China in woolen industry
67
From which countries
Japan import wool for her woolen industry? ## Footnote Japan import wool from Australia New Zealand South Africa Uruguay and Argentina for his woolen industry.
68
Write down important woolen textile industrial centers in Japan?
In Japan Tokyo-Yokohama ## Footnote Nagasaki Nagoya Kobe-Osaka are important woolen textile industrial centers.
69
Which cities of Russia were
important for woolen textile industry? ## Footnote Before industrial revolution of 1917 in U.S.S.R (EX) Moscow and Leningrade were important for woolen textile industry.
70
From where the raw material for woolen textile industry is obtained?
The raw material for woolen textile industry is wool which is obtained from sheep
71
When and where was first woolen textile mill established in Pakistan?
First woolen textile mill was established in Karachi in 1947 by the name of walika woolen mills.
72
Write important center of silk textile in Italy.
Milan ## Footnote Bergamo Venice and Geneva are the important centers.
73
Name important countries of the world producing wool.
Australia ## Footnote New Zealand China Iran United Kingdom Argentina South Africa Russian Federation Morocco Pakistan and Uruguay are important wool producing countries in the world.
74
Write down the important silk producing countries or centers of the world.
(i)China (ii)India (iii) Uzbekistan (iv)Italy (v) France (vi)USA (vii)Japan (viii)Pakistan (ix)Germany
75
What is natural silk? OR How natural silk is produced?
Natural silk is a fiber of the cocoons spun by the silk worms the Mulberry leaves are the main fact of silk worms.
76
In which regions natural silk is produced? Or On which regions mulberry leaves can flourish well?
Mulberry trees flourishes well in warm temperate and sub-tropical climatic regions. This region lies between 15° to 45° latitude.
77
How much silk worms required to produce 1 Kg. natural silk?
To produce 1 Kg. natural silk 5500 silk worms are required. These silk worms consume 2200 Kg. leaves of Mulberry tree in 6 weeks.
78
From when and where did silk textile industry started? OR When and who did discovered natural silk? :
Sling-Shee discovered silk textile in China in 2700 B.C.
79
Write down the names of important centers of silk in USA.
Preston ## Footnote New York Washington Florida New Jersey Preston Scranton Wilkes-Barre and New England are important areas of silk manufacturing of USA.
80
When did natural silk production started in Europe?
In Europe silk textile manufacturing started in 550 AD or 6th century.
81
Write down the names of important centers of silk in India.
Karnataka ## Footnote West Bengal Bihar Madhya Pradesh Assam Andhra Pradesh Jammu Kashmir Tamil Nadu and Orissa are important centers.
82
When and who did suggest the possibility of artificial silk?
In 1664 the English scientist Robert Hooke suggested the possibility of synthesizing a glutinous substance similar to the fluid secreted by the silkworm ## Footnote when it spins its cocoon.
83
Write down the names of important centers of silk in Japan.
Central Honshu ## Footnote Okaya region Nagoya region Fukui Kanazawa Niigata Kyushu Tokyo and Tochigi West of the Kwando Plain are important centers
84
When and who did discover artificial silk?
In 1884 French scientist Hillarie Chardon net prepared artificial silk fiber "Rayon"
85
When did artificial silk fiber Acetic and Viscose Rayon discovered? OR What is Rayon?
In 1930 two new types of artificial fiber Rayon were introduced (i)Acetic Rayon (ii) Viscose Rayon This fiber is used extensively in the production of clothing ## Footnote hosiery parachute fabric and rope.
86
When did artificial silk fiber Nylon discovered?
Nylon was discovered in 1930. Nylon was more durable than Rayon.
87
When did artificial silk fiber Qiana discovered?
New fiber Qiana was discovered in 1968
88
When did artificial silk fiber Polyester discovered?
Polyester fiber was introduced in 1940.
89
Write down the names of important centers of silk in China.
Si-Kiang ## Footnote lower Yangtze-Kiang Shanghai Hangzhou and Canton Beijing and Honko are main silk manufacturing cities in China.
90
Which raw material is being used for the preparation of artificial silk?
For the preparation of artificial silk wood ## Footnote petroleum and cotton fiber is used as a raw material.
91
What are centers for silk textile in Pakistan?
In Pakistan Faisalabad ## Footnote Gujranwala Sheikhupura Hyderabad Khairpur Peshawar and Swat are important in silk manufacturing industry.
92
Which country leads the production of natural silk?
China is the leading country in production of natural silk.
93
Which city of France is the center of silk textile industry?
Paris ## Footnote a city of France in the center of silk textile industry.
94
What is the difference between natural and artificial silk
. Natural silk; natural silk is spun by the silk worm ## Footnote which grows on mulberry leaves. Artificial silk; Artificial silk was prepared by a French scientist Hilary Chardont in 1884.
95
What is the source of natural silk and its origin from which country?
Source of natural silk is the silkworms which are found on mulberry trees. Origin of natural silk is China. Sling-Shee discovered silk textile in China in 2700 B.C.
96
When did Von Lebing identify the availability of 16 elements in the soil necessary for plant growth?
In 1840 ## Footnote Von Liebig identified the minerals important for plant growth. There are about 16 elements are present in the soil which are consumed by plants for growth
97
Write down the names of important producing countries of nitrogenous fertilizers.
China is on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers. Other important countries are India ## Footnote USA Russia Canada Indonesia Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Saudi Arabia Poland Holland Germany and France.
98
Which country and continent is on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers?
China is on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fer
99
100
101
Which country and continent is on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers?
China is on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers while continent of Asia also on top rank in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers.
102
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of Canada.
Ontario ## Footnote St. Lawrence Valley Prairies Region Quebec Ottawa Toronto Hamilton Alberta Manitoba and Winnipeg are important producers of fertilizers.
103
Which countries on top rank in the production of Phosphate fertilizers in the world?
USA and China is on top rank in the production of Phosphate fertilizers.
104
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of India.
Andhra Pradesh (5) ## Footnote Bihar (5) Assam (2) Delhi (1) Gujrat (7) Kerala and Madhya Pradesh (4) Tamil Nadu (8) Maharashtra (9) Karnataka (3) Uttar Pradesh (6) West Bengal (6) Rajasthan (3) Orissa (1) Punjab (1)
105
Write down the names of important producing countries of Phosphate fertilizers.
USA and China is on top rank in the production of Phosphate fertilizers. Other important countries are India ## Footnote Russia Moroco Brazil Australia Tunis Spain Turkey Canada Indonesia Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Saudi Arabia Poland Holland and Germany.
106
Which country is on top rank in the production of Potash fertilizers in the world?
Canada is on top rank in the production of Potash fertilizers.
107
Write down the names of important producing countries of Potash fertilizers.
Canada is on top rank in the production of Potash fertilizers. Other important countries are Russia ## Footnote Germany Israel Jordan USA France China Chili Spain Brazil Australia Tunis Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Poland and Holland.
108
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of Russia.
: Siberia ## Footnote Ukraine Ural Mountains Kakeshia Gorki and Moscow region
109
When and where did first chemical fertilizer plant establish in Pakistan?
First chemical fertilizer's plant was established in Pakistan at Faisalabad in 1957
110
When and where did second chemical fertilizer plant establish in Pakistan?
Second chemical fertilizers plant was established at Dawood Khel in1958 district Mianwali.
111
Define fertilizers.
Fertilizers are those substances which are used to increase the fertility of the soil. Fertilizers are mainly divided into two basic parts. (i) Natural Fertilizer (ii)Synthetic/Artificial or Chemical Fertilizer
112
Write down the types of fertilizers.
Fertilizers are mainly divided into two basic parts. (i) Natural Fertilizer (ii)Synthetic/Artificial or Chemical Fertilizer
113
Define Natural fertilizers.
Such substances or mixtures which are present naturally and used to enrich or to increase the fertility of the soil are called as natural fertilizers. For example: animal waste ## Footnote natural vegetation and dry leaves. etc.
114
Define chemical fertilizers.
Such substances or a mixture which are formed chemically in the industries and used to increase or to enrich the fertility of soil are called as artificial fertilizers.
115
Write down the types of chemical fertilizer
There are three main types of chemical fertilizers. Nitrogenous Fertilizer. Potash Fertilizer Phosphate Fertilizer
116
What are the nitrogenous fertilizers? Write down major sources of nitrogenous fertilized.
Nitrogenous fertilizers are most widely produced in the world. 75% of nitrogen is obtained from air ## Footnote 20% from ammonium gas and 5% from sodium nitrate. These are produced in 80 countries. China is on top rank in the production of Nitrogenous fertilizers. Other important countries are India USA Russia Canada Indonesia Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Saudi Arabia Poland Holland Germany and France.
117
What are the Phosphate fertilizers?
Rock phosphate is use as raw material to produce Phosphate fertilizers. These are produced in 62 countries. USA and China is on top rank in the production of Phosphate fertilizers. Other important countries are India ## Footnote Russia Maraco Brazil Australia Tunis Spain Turkey Canada Indonesia Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Saudi Arabia Poland Holland Germany and France.
118
What are the Potash fertilizers?
Potassium mineral salt is used as raw material to produce the Potash fertilizers. There are 19 countries which are producing potash fertilizers. Canada is on top rank in the production of Potash fertilizers. Other important countries are Russia ## Footnote Germany Israel Jordan USA France China Chili Spain Brazil Australia Tunis Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Poland and Holland.
119
Describe the importance of chemical fertilizers for the development of agriculture Why fertilizers are being essential for crops? Why chemical fertilizers are being used for crops?
(i)To increases fertility of soil (ii)To increase total production (iii)To increase foreign exchange (iv)To increase economic stability (v)To increase living standards (vi)To increase source of income
120
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of China. (RWP-16)
Shanghai ## Footnote Tievshan Shantung Ching Kiang Nanking Manchuria and Mukden are other important regions
121
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of USA.
Important regions are Alabama ## Footnote Alonso Washington Southern and Northern Carolina Georgia Ohio and Indiana are other important regions.
122
Write down the important centers of fertilizers of Pakistan. Write a note an chemical fertilizer industry in Pakistan.
There are 11 fertilizer units operating units operating in the country (Punjab-.6 ## Footnote Sindh-3 and K.P-2). These are located in Sheikúpura Sadiqabad Dawood Khail Faisalabad Sanghar and Karachi.
123
In how many countries nitrogenous fertilizers industry has started?
Nitrogenous fertilizers are most widely produced in the world. This industry has been started in almost in 80 countries
124
Write favourable factors for chemical fertilizer industry.
(i)Suitable climate (ii)Capital (iii)Fertile soil (iv)Skilled labour (v)Land Availability (vi)Demand of fertilizers vii)energy resources
125
Write the name of four chemical fertilizer producing countries.
China ## Footnote France Canada Germany Russia Israel Jordan USA Chili Spain Brazil Australia Tunis Ukraine Pakistan Egypt Poland and Holland.
126
Preparation of fertilizers is which economic activity?
The preparation of fertilizers is secondary economic activity

geo world part (8 decks)

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