Inequality Studies

Question 1

Hakim

Answer 1

Horizontal segregation aka the glass ceiling

Preference theory which critiques other feminists for ignoring the choice of women (3 classifications: home, work and adaptive)

Question 2

Barron and Norris

Answer 2

Dual labour market: Primary market is secure with high pay whereas secondary market is low pay and low security
Women fall into secondary market jobs

Question 3

Mac an Ghail

Answer 3

Crisis of masculinity outlines women taking on traditionally male jobs

Question 4

Gender statistics (Hint: a percent and a male inclusive stat)

Answer 4

22% of woman have persistent low income

Men with children are more likely to work (opposite for women)

Question 5

Ivory

Answer 5

Women in video games are less common and highly sexualised (refer to GTA or tomb raider)

Question 6

Gauntlett

Answer 6

Men are portrayed as heroes whereas women are victims and the damsel in distress

Question 7

Mulvey

Answer 7

Male gaze

Question 8

Politics with gender statistic

Answer 8

459 male MP’s and 191 female MP’s in 2015

Question 9

Chapman

Answer 9

Children given gender stereotypical chores

Question 10

Oakley

Answer 10

Says gender inequality roots from family and is reinforced by the other agents of socialisation such as media

Question 11

Parsons and Bales

Answer 11

Naturally different roles occur with gender eg woman have caring role but men have a practical role

Question 12

Engels

Answer 12

Exploiter exploited relationship of bourgeoisie and proletariats is translated to household relationships

Question 13

ONS

Department of health

Answer 13

Men develop heart disease 10 yrs before women and the rate of suicide is 3x more likely

Females are likely to live 4years longer than men

Question 14

Benetar

Answer 14

Men do the least desirable work and most dangerous work

Question 15

War in

Answer 15

Pressure is placed onto men in families to be the breadwinner

Question 16

EOC

Answer 16

Fathers work longer hours and male dominated work doesn’t offer flexibility

Question 17

Sylvia Walby

Answer 17

Intersectionality: combines strands of feminism but critiques radical feminism
Looks at 6 structures that restrict women in society to maintain male dominance

Question 18

Workplace 1)

Answer 18

Lower classes are less likely to be employed to start with

Parkin- social closure is a process of restricting access to opportunity to a limited circle of eligibles

Question 19

Workplace 2)

Answer 19

Pay in lower class is worse
2012 high pay centre- total pay of CEO of top 100 London companies was raised by 49% compared to >3% for employees
Gini Coefficient- between 0 and 1 where all the country’s income is owned by one person. Income was 0.332

Question 20

Workplace 3)

Answer 20

Can all classes access promotions and be socially mobile?
Hope-goldthorpe - 1:2:4 rule. Class at birth determines occupation. Intermediate class is 2x more likely to reach service class vs service class being 4x more likely

Question 21

Chambliss

Answer 21

2 gangs studies and the lower class gangs were punished harder for the same crimes as the higher class gang

Question 22

Sutherland

Answer 22

Crime has a higher incidence in lower socioeconomic classes

Question 23

Cavadino and dignon

Answer 23

Between commission of offences, prosecution and punishment… class gets magnified

Question 24

Nairn

Answer 24

Monarchy are shown as having”soap opera lives”, they are “like us but not us”

Question 25

Glennon and butsch

Answer 25

Under representation of working class and showing middle class as good with solving issues

Question 26

Golding and Middleton

Answer 26

Crisis of moral panics showed that welfare issues aren’t seen as worthy of new unless it is about fraud or sex

Question 27

Willis

Answer 27

‘Learning to labour’ where working class boys skip school to work

Question 28

Bourdieu and passeron

Answer 28

School are middle class institutions. Working class have lack of knowledge of value that middle class have so are at an unfair disposition to fail

Question 29

Bottero

Answer 29

There is a link to all patterns of disease. Lower socioeconomic classes tend to lead to more hazards

Question 30

Marmot

Answer 30

Studied civil servants and low control at work leads to stress and illness. Low control links to lower down hierarchy

Question 31

Gramsci

Answer 31

``` Stated the principles of exploitation oppression and class conflict it are all relevant but no proletarian revolution will occur. The powerful still control the masses through ideology but unconsciously as their beliefs are now seen as the common sense view ```

Question 32

Parsons

Answer 32

Backed up the idea that society works best when there is consensus over shared values and is an example of social stratification. Meritocracy means talented are rewarded

Question 33

Davis and Moore

Answer 33

Principles of social stratification 1) class inequality is good as it allocates the right people for the important roles 2) ensures performance to the highest standard due to rewards