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Infectious diseases I & II > Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (diarrhea 1/2) > Flashcards

Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (diarrhea 1/2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary bacterial causes of swine diarrhea. (6)

A

e. coli
salmonella spp.
clostridium perfringens

brachispyra hyodysentery
lawsonia intracellularis (ileitis)
brachispyra pilosicoli

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2
Q

Primary viral causes of swine diarrhea. (3)

A

T.G.E. (transmissible gastroenteritis(corona))
rotavirus
circovirus (PCVII)

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3
Q

Primary protozoal causes of swine diarrhea. (2)

A

coccidia
balantidium coli (ciliated protozoan)

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4
Q

Primary parasitic causes of swine diarrhea. (2)

A

ascaris suum (round worms)
*esophagostomum

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5
Q

e.coli can cause what two types of disease:

A

edema disease (ED)
postweaning diarrhea (PWD)

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6
Q

EDEMA DISEASE (ED) is a disease of

A

weaner and grower pigs,
caused by E. coli,
characterized by subcutaneous and sub-serosal edema, progressive ataxia, recumbency and death.

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7
Q

EDEMA DISEASE (ED) is a disease of weaner and grower pigs, caused by E. coli, characterized by (4)

A

subcutaneous and sub-serosal edema, progressive ataxia,
recumbency and death.

ED and PWD can occur separately or at the same time

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8
Q

POSTWEANING DIARRHEA (PWD) is a disease of the

A

post weaning period,
caused by E. coli,
characterized by diarrhea, dehydration and often death.

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9
Q

POSTWEANING DIARRHEA (PWD) is a disease of post weaning period, caused by E. coli, characterized by (3)

A

diarrhea, dehydration and often death.

ED and PWD can occur separately or at the same time.

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10
Q

Edema disease strains of e.coli produce what

A

verocytotoxins

These destroy the walls of blood vessels.

Strains: O138, O139, O141

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11
Q

Postweaning disease is caused by

A

A specific serotype of enterotoxigenic E. coli

Strains: O8, O141, O147, O149, O157

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12
Q

ED and PWD target demographics

A

ED: 4-12 week weaners

PWD: 3-10 days after weaning

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13
Q

Morbidity of ED and PWD.

A

ED: morb 50%
PWD: morb 80-90%

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14
Q

Mortality rate of ED and PWD.

A

ED: mort. almost 100%

PWD: mort. 30%

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15
Q

Which one spreads between pens, ED or PWD.

A

ED: Does not spread to others pens in the same farm.

PWD: Does spread to other pens in the same farm (within a short period).

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16
Q

ED frequently occurs at what stage?

A

Sporadic dz

Frequently occurs within 1 week after the change of diet, weaning, vaccination, pen change, regrouping.

(PWD on the other hand is an endemic dz)

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17
Q

ED: Outbreak duration average

A

8 days (<15 days)

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18
Q

Transmission of ED and PWD.

A

Excretion: feces

Ingestion

Route: fecal-oral

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19
Q

Clinical signs of ED. (3)

A

Incoordination of the hindlimbs, falling (CNS signs due to cranial pressure) – earliest and most obvious sign!

Edema of eyelids and conjunctiva, face is next.

Death in 6-36 hours.

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20
Q

Clinical signs of PWD. (5)

A

Sudden death of one or two pigs in good condition.

Severe diarrhea – watery and yellow

Fever, dehydration

Anorexia, weight loss

Death in a few days.

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21
Q

Post mortem signs of ED. (3)

A

Facial edema
Full stomach
Mesenteric edema

NOTE:This is the only disease with both neuro signs as well as mesenteric edema.

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22
Q

Post mortem signs of PWD. (4)

A

Dehydration
Serofibrinous peritonitis

Fluid-filled intestines
Mesenteric edema

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23
Q

Material for diagnosis of ED and PWD. (2)

A

Feces
Biopsy (intestines, mesenteric LNs)

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24
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of ED and PWD. (2)

A

Bacteriology – isolation of E. coli
Histology

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25
Treatment for ED.
no Tx Toxins already in bloodstream and there is no effective Tx.
26
Treatment for PWD. (3)
antimicrobials (5-7 days) ABs in water (or food) Electrolytes
27
Prevention of ED and PWD. (4)
Good animal husbandry & minimized stress. Diet: less protein (21%->17%), more fiber Feeding probiotics Good vaccination schedule
28
Name 2 types of spirochetoses to affect swine more commonly.
swine dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae) porcine colonic spirochetosis (Brachyspira pilosicoli)
29
SWINE DYSENTERY (SD) is a disease of
growing pigs, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, characterized by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea.
30
SWINE DYSENTERY (SD) is a disease of growing pigs, caused by
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, characterized by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea.
31
SWINE DYSENTERY (SD) is a disease of growing pigs, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, characterized by
mucohemorrhagic diarrhea.
32
Causative agent of swine dysentery.
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Previously known as Serpulina hyodysenteriae Gram–, anaerobic, beta-hemolytic spirochete
33
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae survives in what conditions? Eliminated by?
Survives in feces < 48 days at 0-10°C 7 days at 25°C 24h at 37°C Eliminated by drying and disinfection. Phenolic and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants are most effective.
34
Swine dysentery is most common in what age group?
Most common in 7-16-week-old age group, may also affect older and adult pigs.
35
Describe the spread of swine dysentery.
Spread within group is slow (7-14 days), may spread to other pens of pigs over a 2-3 week period. Tends to be persistent in herds, has cyclic occurrence (3-4 week cycle).
36
Morbidity of swine dysentery.
Morbidity 10-75%
37
Mortality of swine dysentery.
Mortality <50% (if not treated)
38
Transmission of swine dysentery.
Excretion: feces Direct contact: Fomites Ingestion Route: fecal-oral
39
Swine dysentery sheds for how long? Carriers?
Recovered pigs can become carriers -> shedding of the organism for 50-90 days.
40
IP of swine dysentery
average 10-14 days (2 days to 3 months)
41
Clinical signs of swine dysentery
Depression Loss of appetite Moderate fever Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea Blood in feces 2-3 days after the initial onset. Death is due dehydration and toxemia. Some days to weeks after initial onset of signs Recovery in 3-4 weeks if not treated
42
Post mortem lesions characteristic to swine dysentery. (4)
Weight loss, dehydration Colitis and typhlitis (Typhlitis is an inflammation of the cecum)
43
Material for diagnosis of swine dysentery. (1)
swab from colon
44
Lab analyses for diagnosis of swine dysentery. (3)
Isolation of organism in culture Histology Serology (ELISA)
45
Tx for swine dysentery.
ABs E.g. macrolides (tylosin, lyncomycin) Mass medication of affected group by Treatment by water.
46
Prevention of swine dysentery.
Good biosecurity and animal husbandry.
47
Options for Eradication of swine dysentery from herd by (3)
Test & slaughter Stamping out Partial stamping out and treatment
48
Typical target demo for Porcine colonic spirochetosis. At what life stage?
Pigs 4-12 week of age, typically 7-14 days after weaning
49
Clinical signs of Porcine colonic spirochetosis
mucoid non-bloody diarrhea, reduced feed conversion, depression and reduced growth rate Death is rare
50
Diagnosis of Porcine colonic spirochetosis.
Histology: dense mat or false brush border of spirochete cells attached to the colonic epithelium.
51
Porcine proliferative enteritis is also known as....? (3)
Porcine Intestinal adenomatosis Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy Ileitis
52
PORCINE PROLIFERATIVE ENTERITIS (PPE) is an enteric disease of
growing-finishing and young breeding pigs, caused by Lawsonia intracellularis.
53
PORCINE PROLIFERATIVE ENTERITIS (PPE) is an enteric disease of growing-finishing and young breeding pigs, caused by
Lawsonia intracellularis.
54
Describe Lawsonia intracellularis. (4)
Obligate intracellular, Gram– rod Bacteria is free in the cytoplasm of the affected enterocytes.
55
Pathogenesis of Porcine proliferative enteritis
hyperplasia of epithelial cells of the intestinal crypts (ileum and colon) This is reversible
56
Survival of Lawsonia intracellularis in the environment.
Can survive in +5°C environment for 2 weeks.
57
Host range for Lawsonia intracellularis. (4)
horses, sheep, dogs, emus and ostriches Reservoir: birds and rodents
58
Lawsonia intracellularis commonly affects what age of pig?
Most commonly affects 12-20 week old growing pigs. Predisposed: large white pigs (Landrace, Estonian large white and Duroc). Reservoir: birds and rodents
59
Porcine proliferative enteritis trends in what manner? (2)
Sporadic disease all year around Self-limiting (about 10 weeks)
60
Morbidity of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
Morbidity Herd morbidity 20-75% (<100%) Morbidity in herds 5-20% (gilts <50%)
61
Mortality of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
Mortality <10%
62
Transmission of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
Excretion: feces. Up to 10 weeks Ingestion Route: fecal-oral transmission
63
IP of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
2-3 weeks
64
4 forms of Porcine proliferative enteritis:
porcine intestinal adenomatosis (PIA), porcine hemorrhagic enteritis (PHE), necrotic enteritis (NE) and subclinical ileitis
65
Describe the porcine intestinal adenomatosis (PIA) form of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
affects pigs aged 6-20 weeks no diarrhea, mortality low post mortem: thickened ileal wall
66
Describe the porcine hemorrhagic enteritis (PHE) form of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
affects pigs aged over 28 weeks old diarrhea is dark-red or black mortality is increased post mortem: blood clots in ileal lumen
67
Describe the necrotic enteritis (NE) form of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
affects post-weaning aged pigs diarrhea normal colored mortality is increased is one of the most common forms of porcine proliferative enteritis
68
Describe the subclinical ileitis form of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
affects post-weaning aged pigs diarrhea normal colored mortality is normal is one of the most common forms of porcine proliferative enteritis
69
General clinical signs of Porcine proliferative enteritis. (4)
Reduction in growth rate Fever Weight loss Diarrhea Only the hemorrhagic form includes hematochezia and quick death.
70
Post mortem signs of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
Thickened ileal wall Hemorrhagic enteritis (blood clots) – PHE!
71
Material for diagnosis of Porcine proliferative enteritis. (2)
fecal matter biopsy (ileum)
72
Lab diagnoses for diagnosis of Porcine proliferative enteritis. (4)
Hard to cultivate (requires cell culture) PCR (Sensitivity of the method is not ideal. Positive results are only present in animals with active lesions) Serology (ELISA) Histology
73
Tx of Porcine proliferative enteritis.
ABs: Lincomycin, macrolides Treat the whole herd, not just the sick!
74
Prevention of Porcine proliferative enteritis. (2-3)
Good biosecurity and animal husbandry. Vaccination In Estonia: Enterosol Ileitis – PO

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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