Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (reproduction, varia) 2/2

Question 1

Swine erysipelas is an infectious disease of swine, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and is characterized by

Answer 1

sudden death, skin lesions and arthritis,

Question 2

Causative agent of erysipelas.

Answer 2

Gram pos. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 3

Erysipelas serovars.

Answer 3

28 serovars

most common ones in pigs: 1 and 2

Non-pathogenic serovars are Erysipelothrix tonsillarum.

Question 4

Survival of erysipelas in the environment.

Answer 4

Can survive in soil or dung for 6 months.

Question 5

Host range of erysipelas:

Answer 5

swine,
other mammals (sheep),
birds (turkeys)

Reported worldwide.

Question 6

Target demo. for swine erysipelas.

Answer 6

Clinical disease in growing-finishing pigs

• <8 week-olds do not get infected due to colostral immunity.

Question 7

Morbidity of erysipelas.

Answer 7

In unvaccinated pigs:
Morbidity 10-30%

Question 8

Mortality of erysipelas.

Answer 8

In unvaccinated pigs:
Mortality <75%

Question 9

Transmission of erysipelas.

Answer 9

Excretion: saliva, nasal secretions, urine, feces

Direct contact
Fomites (contaminated feed)

Route: skin abrasions, alimentary

Question 10

Course of disease in erysipelas. (3)

Answer 10

Course: acute, subacute and chronic

Also subclinical which turns chronic.

Question 11

Clinical signs of acute erysipelas. (3)

Answer 11

Sudden deaths

Fever, stiff walk on toes, depression, anorexia, thirst

Skin lesions – widespread discoloration of the ears, snout and abdomen, diamond-shaped skin lesions anywhere on the body

Question 12

Clinical signs of subacute erysipelas. (3)

Answer 12

Characteristic skin lesions – may not persist more than few days.

Inappetence, mild fever

Question 13

Clinical signs of chronic erysipelas. (2)

Answer 13

Arthritis
Endocarditis

Question 14

Post mortem signs of erysipelas. (4)

Answer 14

Skin lesions, widespread ecchymotic hemorrhages (kidney, pleura, peritoneum), venous infarction of stomach.

Nonsuppurative proliferative arthritis

Vegetative endocarditis

Question 15

Material for diagnosis of erysipelas. (2)

Answer 15

Blood
Tissue samples (e.g. LNs)

Question 16

Lab analyses for diagnosis of erysipelas. (3)

Answer 16

Culture
Isolation of the organism
PCR

Question 17

Tx of erysipelas.

Answer 17

Penicillin; tetracyclines

In 3 days – most show signs of getting better after 24h.

In chronic cases Tx is not so efficient anymore.

Question 18

Prevention & control of erysipelas. (3)

Answer 18

Good animal husbandry,
hygiene and biosafety.

Minimize stress
Vaccination

Question 19

Erysipelas in humans.

Answer 19

Human Erysipelas IS NOT caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae!

Causative agent: Streptococcus spp

In humans – Erysipeloid: cutaneous form (hands).

Do not get confused by the same name!

Question 20

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a contagious vesicular disease of swine, caused by Vesivirus, and is characterized by s

Answer 20

fever and vesicles on snout, lips, nostrils, tongue, feet and mammary gland.

Question 21

Causative agent of Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.
genus, family etc.

Answer 21

Genus Vesivirus,
family Caliciviridae

RNA virus

Question 22

serotypes of VESV

Answer 22

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.

13 serotypes

Question 23

Host range of Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.

Answer 23

swine

Has occurred only in US.

Question 24

Mortality of VESV.

Answer 24

Mortality 5-10% (piglets)

Question 25

Transmission of VESV.

Answer 25

Excretion: vesicle fluid; saliva, urine, feces Direct contact Fomites Route: alimentary or transcutaneous

Question 26

IP of VESV.

Answer 26

IP: 24-72h

Question 27

Clinical signs of VESV.

Answer 27

High fever Lethargy, anorexia Lameness Vesicles in the mouth, on the snout, on the teats and udder and on the coronary skin, the sole, the heel bulbs and between the claws. Clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases (e.g. FMD)!

Question 28

Post mortem signs of VESV.

Answer 28

Vesicles and ulcers on snout, lips, nostrils, tongue, feet and mammary glands.

Question 29

Material for diagnosis of VESV. (2)

Answer 29

Vesicle fluid Vesicle epithelia

Question 30

Lab analyses for diagnosis of VESV. (3)

Answer 30

Virus isolation Serology PCR

Question 31

Tx of VESV.

Answer 31

no tx! no vaccine either.

Question 32

Prevention & control of VESV. (3)

Answer 32

During outbreak: stamp out. Quarantine Avoid feeding garbage (if, then boiled)

Question 33

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious virosis, caused by Picornavirus, that is characterised by

Answer 33

pyrexia and vesicular lesion on the snout, feet and teats.

Question 34

Causative agent of SVDV. Genus and family etc.

Answer 34

= swine vesicular disease virus genus Enterovirus family Picornaviridae RNA-virus

Question 35

Serotypes of SVDV.

Answer 35

one serotype

Question 36

Survival of Swine vesicular disease virus in the environment. (3)

Answer 36

Virus can be inactivated >70⁰C Resistant in pH 2,5-12 Virus survives long in the environment and meat products - up to 2 years in dried, salted or smoked meat.

Question 37

Host range of Swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 37

swine potential zoonosis: few laboratory workers In many countries this dz has been eradicated.

Question 38

Morbidity of Swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 38

Morbidity <100%

Question 39

Mortality of Swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 39

Low mortality (piglets <10%)

Question 40

Transmission of Swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 40

Excretion: faeces - shedding <3 months nose and mouth vesicle fluids Direct contact Indirect contact Route: transcutaneous, transmucosal; ingestion

Question 41

Clinical signs of Swine vesicular disease virus. (3)

Answer 41

Vesicles and erosions on snout, feet and teats. Pyrexia, lameness

Question 42

Post mortem lesions of Swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 42

vesicles

Question 43

Material for diagnosis of Swine vesicular disease virus. (2)

Answer 43

from unruptured vesicles epithelia and fluids

Question 44

Lab analyses for diagnosis of Swine vesicular disease virus. (4)

Answer 44

virus isolation detection of SVD viral antigen monoclonal antibodies (ELISA) RT-PCR for detecting viral RNA

Question 45

Prevention & control of Swine vesicular disease virus. (3)

Answer 45

movement control, prohibition of garbage feeding etc. Vaccinate? -NO EU strategy: “stamping out”, slaughter infected.

Question 46

IP of swine vesicular disease virus.

Answer 46

Incubation period: 2-7 days - dependent on the route of entry.