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Amy Somerville > INF1 - A. OTC MANAGEMENT-COVERED > Flashcards

INF1 - A. OTC MANAGEMENT-COVERED Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of infective conjunctivitis

A

starts in 1 eye, purulent discharge

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2
Q

symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

A

starts in both eyes, watery discharge

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3
Q

management of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

bathe eyes with boiled and cooled water frequently during day (48 hrs) - 1st line
chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops (P) - fridge, apply every 2 hours for 2 days then every 4 hours for 3 more days
chloramphenicol 1% eye drops (P) - longer retention time

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4
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis red flags

A

children <2 (need Rx)
<28 days old - referral
pregnancy/breastfeeding
pain in eye
light sensitivity
vision problems/changes
contact lenses - acanthamoeba keratitis

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5
Q

what bacteria causes non-bullous impetigo (bacterial)

A

staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of non-bullous impetigo

A

sores around mouth and nose which burst to form thick, golden crusts which dry
itchy but no systemic symptoms
not contagious after 48 hours of treatment/sores healed

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7
Q

management of impetigo

A

may resolve w/o treatment in 2-3 weeks
hydrogen peroxide cream 1% (Crystacide - P)
fusidic acid 2% cream (POM/PGD)
systemic antibiotics - erythromycin (POM)

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8
Q

impetigo red flags

A

systemically unwell/high risk of complications - oral antibiotic
cellulitis symptoms - systemic antibiotics
bullous impetigo - fluid filled blisters on trunk, arms, legs in children which burst to leave yellow crust - oral antibiotic

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9
Q

what is cellulitis

A

bacterial infection of deeper layers of skin and tissue
bacteria get in when skin is damaged and quickly spreads - sepsis
(not contagious)

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10
Q

signs and symptoms of cellulitis

A

painful, hot, swollen skin
blisters and swollen glands

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11
Q

management of cellulitis

A

raise affected area
keep joint moving
drink fluids
oral antibiotics - flucloxacillin, clarithromycin (POM) - PGD?

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12
Q

cellulitis red flags

A

sepsis signs
facial/peri-orbital cellulitis (skin around eye/eyelid)
diabetic foot infection
immunosuppression

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A

more common in babies, children, young adults
fever
vomiting
headache
rash - doesn’t fade under pressure
stiff neck
photophobia
drowsiness
CALL 999

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14
Q

what causes oral candidiasis (fungal)

A

yeast candida

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15
Q

signs and symptoms of oral thrush

A

white patches on tongue and in mouth
loss of taste/unpleasant taste
redness inside mouth and throat
cracks at corner of mouth
painful, burning sensation

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16
Q

who is oral thrush common in

A
  • people on inhaled corticosteroids and breast-feeding babies
  • following course of antibiotics, denture wearers, poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, chemotherapy/radiotherapy
  • immunocompromised
17
Q

management of oral thrush

A

treat breastfeeding mother with antifungal cream

  • miconazole 2% oral gel (Daktarin) - 15g P, 80g POM
    4x daily, kept in mouth as long as possible before swallowing, continue for at least a week after symptoms resolved
  • nystatin oral suspension (Nystan) - POM
    1ml 4x daily, kept in mouth as long as possible before swallowing, continue for at least 48 hours after symptoms resolved
18
Q

oral thrush red flags

A
  • babies <4 months - gel is thick, choking hazard - not licensed
  • no improvement after 1 week treatment
  • difficulty/pain swallowing
19
Q

signs and symptoms of thrush (fungal)

A
  • armpits, groins - red, itchy rash that scales over with white or yellow discharge
  • genital thrush - white discharge, itchy
  • can get after sys antibiotics as bacteria balance disrupted
20
Q

management of thrush

A

clotrimazole 1/2% cream
clotrimazole 500mg pessary
fluconazole 150mg capsule
avoid fragranced soaps, tight underwear

21
Q

thrush red flags

A
  • symptoms for first time - can rule out diabetes
  • <16 or >60
  • reoccurrence (>4x in 12 months)
  • treatment failure
  • pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • weakened immune system - esp diabetes
22
Q

what causes athlete’s foot (fungal) and what are the signs

A

dermatophytes
itchy white patches between toes and soles/sides of feet
can crack and bleed
can spread to nails
contagious

23
Q

athlete’s foot red flags

A

treatment failure
sig discomfort
foot/leg is hot and painful
spreads to other body areas
diabetes
weakened immune system

24
Q

management of athlete’s foot

A

creams - miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine hydrocortisone (P)
sprays - miconazole

25
Q

signs of fungal nail infection

A

thickened, soft, crumbly rails - discoloured on all/part of nail
finger and toes

26
Q

management of nail infection

A

nail lacquers - OTC/P - max 2 nails affected
tioconazole - Trosyl POM
amorolfine - Loceryl/Omicur POM (3ml OTC/P)
clotrimazole
miconazole
some create an inhospitable environment for fungus - no API
9-12 months treatment as nails grow out slowly
>18 can use P meds
continue after symptoms resolved
dry between toes, separate towel for feet, take shoes off at home, clean and cotton socks

27
Q

nail infection red flags

A

topical treatment doesn’t work
infection is sig/base of nail
need anti fungal tablets
podiatrist referred for special laser treatment

28
Q

what is pityriasis/tinea versicolor (fungal)

A

skin infection caused by malassezia fungus
yeast multiplies more than usual in warm, moist environments

29
Q

signs and symptoms of tines versicolor

A

patches of skin changes colour
flat and can join
clay and itchy
not contagious

30
Q

management of pityriasis versicolor

A

ketoconazole 2% shampoo (POM) - for a large area
clotrimazole 1% cream (P) - for smaller areas
can takes months for skin to return to usual colour

31
Q

pityriasis versicolor red flags

A

doesn’t resolve
comes back
will need anti fungal tablets

32
Q

what causes ringworm (fungal)

A

dermatophytes
can be transmitted from animals to humans

33
Q

signs and symptoms of ringworm

A

red or silvery ring like rash
scaly, inflamed, itchy, clear centre
may lose hair in affected area
anywhere on body
very contagious

34
Q

management of ringworm

A

clotrimazole cream (P)
miconazole cream (P)
lengthy treatment - complete to avoid reoccurence
wash towels and bedding, don’t share towels
don’t scratch - easily spreads

35
Q

ringworm red flags

A

broken/irritated skin - secondary skin infection
weakened immune system

Amy Somerville (70 decks)

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