INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Weight gain OF toddler
A
4-5 lbs/year
2
Q
2 ½ years old
A
quadruples birth weight
3
Q
height increase of toddler
A
3 inches/year
4
Q
at 2 years old, height of toddler is half the
A
expected adult height
5
Q
Weight gain at 2 y.o is
A
5 lbs.
6
Q
Rule of Thumb –(preschool) 1 tablespoon for
each
A
year of age
7
Q
Snack every for CHILDHOOD is every
A
2-3 hours
8
Q
- Rate of growth
- Activity level
- Size
- Metabolism
- Health
A
Child calorie needs basis
9
Q
2 – 3 years old Fat Intake
A
30 – 35 %
10
Q
4- 18 years old Fat Intake
A
25 – 35 %
11
Q
Recommended Dietary Intake for Toddler
A
1,300 kcal/day
12
Q
fats are restricted until age
A
2
13
Q
after age of 2, fats should be what percentage of daily calories
A
30%
14
Q
toddlers needs increase intake of
A
calcium and phosphorus
15
Q
Toddlers need whole milk until age of
A
2
16
Q
- Peanuts
- Grapes
- Hotdogs
- Raw carrots
- Hard Candy
- Thick peanut butter
A
NOT to be given to children under 4 years old (Guidelines to Prevent Choking)
17
Q
To provide nutritious food in a pleasant setting
A
Parent’s Primary Responsibility
18
Q
to decide how much food to eat or whether to eat
A
child’s responsibility
19
Q
6 months Calorie and Nutrient Needs
A
54 calories per pound of weight
20
Q
10 yr. old Calorie and Nutrient Needs
A
35 calories per pound of weight
21
Q
1 ml of water for
A
each calorie
22
Q
Toddler needs
A
Fiber
23
Q
Never provide food for
A
comfort or reward
24
Q
Give water to drink rather than
A
calorie laden fruit juice
25
if your child wants a calorie dense snack, use the
20 minutes technique
26
1. Obesity
2. Childhood Type 2 Diabetes
3. Osteoporosis
4. Cardiovascular Disease
Common Problems During Childhood
27
the perfect food for a baby's digestive system
breast milk
28
It has the nutrients that a newborn needs, and all of its components are easily digested.
BREAST MILK
29
COMPONENTS OF BREAST MILK
1. Lactose
2. Protein (whey and casein)
3. Fat
30
a time of phenomenal growth and development.
first year of life
31
Average birth weight
3500 grams
32
avg WEIGHT GAIN First 6 months
2 lbs/month
33
at 6 months, birth weight is
doubled
34
avg at SECOND 6 MONTHS
1 lb/month
35
at 12 months, birth weight is
tripled
36
Average birth length
20 inches
37
height increase in the First 6 months
1 inch/month
38
height increase by 12 months
50%
39
1 st year of life CALORIC REQUIREMENT
98-108 calories per kilogram of body weight
40
0-6 months PROTEIN REQUIREMENT
2.2 g per kg per day
41
6-12 months PROTEIN REQUIREMENT
1.56 g per kg per day
42
INFANT has sufficient calories if there are_______wet diapers
6 or more a day
43
INFANT has sufficient calories if there is
normal growth
44
INFANT has sufficient calories if there is __________ mustard colored bowel movements a day
two
45
INFANT has sufficient calories if breast becomes
less full during nursing
46
Caloric intake of infant should be
98-108 kcal/kg of body weight
47
Infants should have high
protein and calorie diet
48
best food during the first 12 months of life
BREAST MILK
49
A newborn can hold approximately
30 ml (2 tablespoons)
50
Infant feeding should not exceed
240 ml (1 cup)
51
may be given if there is milk allergy
Soy milk
52
may be given if not breastfeeding
Commercial iron-fortified formula
53
should be given if taking cow’s milk before 1 year of age
Vitamin C and iron
54
Breast-fed infants gain
less weight
55
A normal full-term infant can thrive on breast milk or iron-fortified formula exclusively until
4-6 months
56
Infants May be given complex carbohydrates at
2-3 months
57
Biting movements begin at approximately
3 months
58
Chewing begins at
7-9 months
59
Extrusion reflex fades at
3-4 months
60
1. Physical ability to pull food in the mouth rather
than always pushing the tongue and food out of
the mouth
2. Willingness to participate in the process
3. Ability to sit with support
4. Having head and neck control
5. Dissatisfaction to intake of more than 32 oz of formula a day
6. Dissatisfaction to every 3-4 hours of nursing
Indicators of readiness to Introduction of Solid Food
61
Introduce food
one at a time
62
Wait____ before introducing new item
5-7 days
63
when to introduce food
before formula or breasfeeding
64
Introduce only_________ of new food
small amount (1-2 tsp)
65
Do not initiate feeding until the infant is already
4-6 months old
66
Do not place food in bottles with
formula
67
should be refrigerated once opened
baby food jars
68
Do not use food opened_____ago
48 hours
69
Turns head toward any
object that brushes cheek
0-4
70
Initially swallows using back of tongue; gradually begins to swallow using front of tongue as well.
0-4
71
Strong reflex (extrusion) to push food out during first 2-3 months
0-4
72
Feed breast milk or infant formula
0-4
73
Extrusion reflex diminishes, and the ability to swallow nonliquid foods develops
4-6
74
Indicates desire for food by opening mouth and leaning forward.
4-6
75
Indicates satiety or disinterest by turning away and leaning back
4-6
76
Sit erect with support at 6 months
4-6
77
Begins chewing action
4-6
78
Brings hand to mouth
4-6
79
Grasp objects with palm
of hand
4-6
80
Begin iron-fortified cereal mixed with breast milk, formula, or water
4-6
81
Begin pureed meats, legumes, vegetables, and fruits
4-6
82
Able to self-feed finger foods
6-8
83
Develops pincher (finger to thumb) grasp.
6-8
84
Begins to drink from cup
6-8
85
begin textured vegetables and fruits.
6-8
86
Begin unsweetened, diluted fruit juices from cup
6-8
87
Begins to hold own bottle
6-10
88
Reaches for and grabs food and spoon
6-10
89
Sits unsupported
6-10
90
Begin breads and cereals from table
6-10
91
➢Begin yogurt.
➢Begin pieces of soft, cooked vegetables and fruit from table
6-10
92
Gradually begin finely cut meats, fish, casseroles, cheese, eggs, and mashed legumes
6-10
93
10 Begins to master spoon but still spills some
10-12
94
➢ Add variety.
➢Gradually increase portion sizes
10-12
95
➢ Fortified with B vitamins and minerals
➢ Least allergenic type of food
➢ Prevents iron deficiency anemia
➢ Easily digested
Cereal
96
INTRODUCED AT 5-6 MONTHS
CEREALS
97
➢ has higher iron content than fruits
➢ usually offered at lunch
➢ offer yellow and green
VEGETABLES
98
INTRODUCED AT 7 MONTHS
VEGETABLES
99
➢ best source of vitamin C and A
➢ adds texture and flavors to diet
➢ added to cereal for breakfast and dinner
➢ typical fruits include banana and peach
FRUITS
100
INTRODUCED AT 8 MONTHS
FRUITS
101
➢ Good source of protein, iron and B vitamins
➢ Typically added as part of an evening meal in place of cereal
Meat
102
INTRODUCED AT 9 MONTHS
meat
103
➢ egg yolk contains iron
➢ egg whites has the proteins.
➢ Egg yolk alone should be given first
eggs
104
INTRODUCED AT 10 MONTHS
EGGS
105
* Wheat
* Tomatoes
* Orange
* Fish
* Egg whites
Foods Likely to Cause Allergies
106
* Sweets
* Canned vegetables
* Honey and Corn syrup
* gum, hard or gel-type candies
* Hotdog or sausage slices
* Large raw apple slices
* Marshmallows, nuts, popcorn, raw carrots, raw celery, whole beans, whole cherries, whole grapes
Foods to Omit in INFANTS
107
the process of switching an infant's diet from breast milk or formula to other foods and fluids
Weaning
108
May be started at 9 months
Weaning
109
Infants drink from cup effectively at
9 months
110
Sucking reflex diminishes in intensity from
6-9 months
111
1. Should be done when infant is not irritable
2. Difficult to start during summer
WEANING
112
* Premature Infants
* Cystic Fibrosis
* Failure to Thrive
* Galactosemia
* Phenylketonuria
* Maple syrup Urine Disease
Common Problems During Infancy
