PREGNANCY AND LACTATION NUTRITION Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
non pregnant woman needs__________calories
A
1500- 2000
2
Q
pregnant woman needs__________calories
A
additional 300 calories during the 2 nd and 3rd trimesters
3
Q
- eat plenty of fruits and vegetables of various kinds and colors;
- whole-grain bread and cereals;
- lean protein foods;
- low-fat or fat-free milk and dairy products;
- and healthy fats in moderation
A
basic principles of healthy eating
4
Q
these should be limited
A
- sodium
- solid fats,
- added sugars
- refined grains
5
Q
- Cereals
- White bread
- Rolls
- Pasta
- Crackers
A
Sources of Folic acid:
6
Q
- Leafy green vegetables,
- spinach
- Citrus fruits
- Dried peas and beans, such as lentils, soybeans, pinto beans
A
Sources of naturally occurring folate
7
Q
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS BROUGH BY THESE STAGES OF PREGNANCY
A
a. Implantation
b. ORGANOGENESIS - Malnutrition
c. Growth
8
Q
IF Bld. Vol. > Blood Components this results to:
A
ANEMIA
9
Q
Left Cardiac hypertrophy leads to
A
- Tachycardia
- Palpitation
10
Q
this occurs after delivery (circulatory system)
A
bradycardia
11
Q
During pregnancy, there can be hypertension and this is called
A
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
12
Q
changes to estrogen and growing fetus
A
Respiration
13
Q
Malnutrition and Dehydration
A
Renal function
14
Q
due to hormones progesterone, estrogen , human chorionic gonadotropin.
A
GIT function
15
Q
this intake should be observed by pregnant women”
A
low sodium intake
16
Q
weight gain by the end of the 1st trimester is_____; and approximately______a week
A
2 to 4 lbs ; 1 lb
17
Q
*Average weight gain of pregnant women should be
A
25-35 lbs
18
Q
weight of fetus
A
7.5 lbs
19
Q
weight of placenta
A
1lbs
20
Q
weight of amniotic fluid
A
2lbs
21
Q
weight of breast
A
1-3 lbs
22
Q
weight of maternal blood
A
4 lbs
23
Q
weight of uterus fetus
A
2 lbs
24
Q
weight of maternal fat
A
4+ lbs
25
Pregnant Underweight' BMI is
<19.8
26
Recommended Weight Gain for underweight pregnant
28 TO 40 lb
27
1. LBW infant (<5 lb)
2. pre-term infant (<38 weeks)
Complication of UNDERWEIGHT
28
Pregnant w/ NORMAL WEIGHT's BMI is
19.8 to 26
29
Recommended Weight Gain for preggy w/ normal weight
25 to 35 lb
30
1. HTN,
2. Gestational Diabetes,
3. TORCH of pregnancy
Complication of NORMAL WEIGHT
31
Pregnant OVERWEIGHT BMI is
26 to 29
32
Recommended Weight Gain for preggy OVERWEIGHT
15 to 25 lb
33
Infant born post term and weak
Complication of OVERWEIGHT & OBESE
34
OBESE PREGNANT'S BMI is
>29
35
Recommended Weight Gain for preggy OBESE
At least 15 lb
36
Recommended Weight Gain for Twin pregnancy
35 TO 45 LBS
37
1. Nausea and Vomiting- also known “morning sickness”
2. Heartburn
3. Constipation
4. Edema
5. Leg Cramps
6. Rapid Weight Gain
7. Weight Loss
8. Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)
9. Anemia
10. PICA
11. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY
38
1. Eat dry crackers or dry toast before rising
2. Ice chips
3. Eat small, frequent meals
4. Avoid foods with offensive odors
5. Avoid liquids at mealtime
6. Hyperemesis gravidarum – life threatening – REQUIRE HOSPITALIZATION
Morning sickness Management
39
Burning sensation beneath the chest
Heartburn
40
1. eating small frequent meals
2. AVOID spicy or greasy foods
3. AVOID liquids with meals
4. waiting at least an hour after eating before lying down and waiting at least 2 hours before exercising.
Heartburn Management
41
Can result from relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and smooth muscles related to progesterone, may lead to haemorrhoids
Constipation
42
1. Eating high-fiber foods
2. getting daily exercise
3. drinking at least 13 glasses of liquid each day
4. responding immediately to the urge of defecating
5. DO NOT USE LAXATIVE
Constipation Management
43
mild and PHYSIOLOGIC in the 3rd trimester BU Physiologic if accompanied with ________
Edema; toxemia
44
usually at night, may be due to Calcium-Phosphorous
imbalance
Leg Cramps
45
Leg Cramps is manifested by sudden contraction of the
GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE
46
- defined as an increase on weight of 3 kg or more during 2 nd and 3rd trimester
Rapid Weight Gain
47
Weight Loss during (1st trimester)
<500 grams/mon
48
Weight Loss during (2nd trimester)
<250 grams/mon
49
If there is weight loss fetus is at risk of:
1. Preterm deliveries
2. Abortion
3. Mental retardation
50
PRE-ECLAMPSIA
H- Hypertension
E- Edema
L- low platelet
P- Proteinuria
Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)
51
ECLAMPSIA:
H- Hypertension
E- Edema
L- low platelet
P- Proteinuria
C- COMA
Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)
52
Condition caused by an insufficiency of red blood cells, haemoglobin or blood volume
Anemia
53
The most common form OF Anemia
Iron deficiency
54
can result in a form of megaloblastic anemia.
Folate deficiency
55
1. The craving for non-food substances such as starch, clay (soil), or ice
PICA
56
due to “STRESS”. Close monitoring by health care provider.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
57
CONTROL OF SUGAR!!!
CAN CAUSE:
i. IUFD- intra uterine fetal demise
ii. Premature delivery
iii. Macrosomia
Nursing alert for GDM
58
additional 300 cal/day during 2nd and 3rd trimester; FOR ENERGY
Calories
59
additional 10 g/day with HIGH BIOLOGIC VALUE; FOR TISSUE BLEEDING
Protein
60
additional 100 g/day; ENERGY SOURCE
Carbohydrates
61
critical during 2 months before pregnancy to 6 weeks’ gestation
Folates
62
Folate Requirement
600 mcg/day
63
To prevent
1. Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
2. Spina Bifida
Folate
64
calcium requirement for ages 14-18 year old, _______
1,300 mg/day
65
calcium requirement for ages 18-50 year old, _______
1000 mg/day
66
1. formation of fetal bone and teeth
2. prevents preeclampsia
Calcium and phosphorus
67
additional 41 mg/day
Iron
68
1. To prevent anemia
2. Necessary for infant’s iron storage
Iron
69
less than 2000 mg/day
to prevent
edema and PIH
70
Sodium
less than 2000 mg/day
71
more readily absorbed by the
body
heme iron, additional iron sources
72
enhancers of iron absorption
vitamin C–rich foods.
73
Consume______) per day of synthetic folic acid (from fortifi ed foods and/or supplements) in addition to food forms of folate from a varied diet
400 micrograms
74
may reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy, increase the chances of a healthy infant birth weight, and improve the long-term health of both mother and infant.
healthy weight
75
can cause negative behavioral or neurologic consequences in the offspring when consumed during pregnancy, especially during the first few months
alcohol
76
Consume_____of seafood per week from a
variety of seafood types.
8 to 12 oz
77
Due to their high methylmercury content, limit white (albacore) tuna to______per week
6 oz
78
do not eat the following four types of fish
1. tilefish
2. shark
3. swordfish
5. king mackerel
79
If pregnant, consume______ dietary folate equivalents from all sources ( natural and synthetic).
600 g/day
80
If breastfeeding women choose to drink, they should wait until the infant is at least______and consume only one drink, waiting at least _______before breastfeeding
3 months old; 4 hours
81
B – Best food for baby
R – Reduce allergy
E – Economical
A – Always available
S – Safe
T – Temperature is right
F – Fresh
E – Encourage maternal bonding
E – Ensure means of contraception
D – Digestible
I – Immunity
N – Nutritious
G – Good tooth and jaw
breastfeeding
82
85 calorie required to produce
100ml milk
83
Average daily milk production
750ml (640 calories)
84
6 mos milk calorie is
600ml = 510 extra calories
85
1 ounce of human milk
20 calories
86
Experts on breastfeeding and help new mothers
who may be having problems such as the baby
not latching on properly
Lactation Specialist
87
500 calories a day during lactation
FNB
88
breastmilk shelf-life at Room Temperature (66 –72 degree F)
8- 10 Hrs
89
breastmilk shelf-life in Refrigerator
8 days
90
breastmilk shelf-life in Refrigerator freezer
3 – 4 months
91
breastmilk shelf-life in Deep freezer
12 months
