Infancy Childhood

Question 1

Epigenetics

Answer 1

How your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Question 2

Explain the birth stage in Brain development

Answer 2

• Big growth in brain neurons
• Synaptic (or axon) pruning

Question 3

Synaptic (or axon) pruning

Answer 3

Extra brain cells and connections are removed to make the brain work better.

Question 4

Intants follow an orderly pattern of ____ development.

Answer 4

motor

Question 5

Maturation is relatively ____ by the environment.

Answer 5

Uninfluenced

Question 6

Infantile amnesia

Answer 6

Inability to recollect early episodic memories.

Question 7

Earliest age of conscious memory

Answer 7

3 1/2 years

Question 8

As children mature, by age ____ or so, childhood amnesia decreases.

Answer 8

7

Question 9

Who was interested in the wrong answers children give to questions?

Answer 9

Jean Piaget

Question 10

Cognition

Answer 10

Anything to do with thinking.
Piaget’s concepts

Question 11

Create a new schema

Answer 11

Accomdation
Piaget’s concepts

Question 12

Try the existing schema

Answer 12

Assimilation
Piaget’s concepts

Question 13

Stage 1 of Piaget’s stages

Answer 13

Sensorimotor

Question 14

Developmental phenomena of Stage 1

Answer 14

Object permanence (before 2 y)

Question 15

Stage 2 of Piaget’s stages

Answer 15

Preoperational (2 to 6 y)
Learning language

Question 16

Developmental phenomena of Stage 2

Answer 16

Pretend play
Egocentrism

Question 17

Stage 3 of Piaget’s stages

Answer 17

Concrete operational (7 to 11 y)
math skills

Question 18

Developmental phenomena of Stage 3

Answer 18

Conservation

Question 19

Stage 4 of Piaget’s stages

Answer 19

Formal operational (12 to adulthood)
Thinking outside of reality

Question 20

What did Vygotsky believe?

Answer 20

Parents mentor children and give them new words, and this leads to a higher level of thinking in children.

Question 21

Difference between Vygotsky and Piaget’s theory

Answer 21

Piaget: Interaction with physical environment
Vygotsky: Social environment (just language)

Question 22

Stranger anxiety

Answer 22

About 7,8 months.
Ability to evaluate people as unfamiliar and threatening.

Question 23

What effect attachment

Answer 23

• Familiarity
• Body contact
• Responsive parent

Question 24

____’s monkey experiment is an example of _____.

Answer 24

Harlow
Body contact

Question 25

Children, unlike ducklings, do NOT ____.

Answer 25

imprint

Question 26

To study attachment =

Answer 26

Strange situation experiment

Question 27

Secure Attachment

Answer 27

Shows trust and healthy bonding. Good

Question 28

Insecure Attachment

Answer 28

Shows inconsistent or weak bonding. Bad

Question 29

What are the consequences of an insensitive and unresponsive mother?

Answer 29

Insecurely attached child

Question 30

Securely attached children approach life with a sense of _____.

Answer 30

Basic trust

Question 31

Authoritarian

Answer 31

Strict, coercive Effect on child: lower self-esteem, poor social skills, fear of mistakes.

Question 32

Permissive

Answer 32

Demands very little, few rules Effect on child: More aggressive and immature

Question 33

Negligent

Answer 33

Uninvolved, don't give a fuck Effect on child: poor school performance, low social skills, criminal activity

Question 34

Authoritative

Answer 34

Good Set rules, but let the child do their thing. Negotiate rules. Effect on child: high self-esteem, responsible, and social skills

Question 35

What happens to self-concept in 15 ~ 18 months? Use the example of a mirror

Answer 35

Begin to realize the image in the mirror "is me".

Question 36

Infant attachment is ______ with another person.

Answer 36

emotional tie

Question 37

What will happen in brain development in 3 - 6 months?

Answer 37

The frontal lobe will grow rapidly.

Question 38

Authoritative

Answer 38

Good one, sets rules but let the child do their thing, negotiate rules. The child is going to have high self-esteem, be responsible, and socially skilled

Question 39

What is the parenting style that is strict?

Answer 39

Authoritarian

Question 40

Mere exposure effect

Answer 40

The time that they spend the familiarity grows to be stronger.