Infancy-growth and maturation- FINAL EXAM

Question 1

The period of most rapid growth is?

Answer 1

0-12 months

Question 2

During 0-12 months, weight ____ and height increases by __%.

Answer 2

triples, 50%.

Question 3

During 0-12 months, ___ ___ is recorded on charts which includes ___, ___, and ___ ___.

Answer 3

growth velocity. height, weight, and head circumference.

Question 4

U.S. infant mortality rates are ___.

Answer 4

high

Question 5

What is the major factor contributing to high infant mortality rates in the U.S.?

Answer 5

prevalence of low birth weight

Question 6

Reducing infant mortality rate affected by:
\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ factors
Access to \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ rates
High \_\_\_\_ and LBW \_\_\_\_

Answer 6

Social and economic factors
Access to health care
Teenage pregnancy rates
High preterm and LBW births

Question 7

Changes in body composition include: 
\_\_\_\_\_ in percent body water
\_\_\_\_\_\_ in percent lean body mass
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in percent body fat
Also,Changes in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 7

decrease, increases, increases

body proposition

Question 8

Infants with special dietary needs includes: (List 7)

Answer 8

1. Full term infant
2. Pre term and LBW infants are at higher risk
3. Pre term infant
4. Small for gestational age (SGA)
5. Disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA)
6. Proportionately small for gestational age (pSGA)
7. Infants born with inborn errors of metabolism

Question 9

Full term infants are born: __-___ weeks of __.

Answer 9

Born 37–42 weeks of gestation

Question 10

Pre term infants are born: _____ weeks of gestation.

Answer 10

<37

Question 11

Small for gestational age (SGA): weight is ____ ___ for that age.

Answer 11

<10

Question 12

Disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA):
weight is _____ percentile for that age and
_____ normal and ____ ____ normal.

Answer 12

<10, length, head circumference.

Question 13

Proportionately small for gestational age (pSGA):

____, ____, and ____ ____ < normal.

Answer 13

weight, length, head circumference

Question 14

Infants born with inborn errors of metabolism:

Immediate dietary intervention will prevent ___ ___.

Answer 14

brain damage

Question 15

Low birth weight: Less than ___grams or __ ___ _ ___. Regardless of ___ ___.

Answer 15

2500, 5 pounds, 8 ounces. gestational age.

Question 16

SGA and LBW are not _____.

Answer 16

synonymous,

Question 17

__ ___ diagnosis of SGA is key. It is Diagnosed by measuring the mother’s ___ with the fundal ___ being less than it should be for that stage of the pregnancy.

If it is suspected, the mother will usually be sent for an _____ to confirm.

Answer 17

pre natal. uterus, height,

ultrasound

Question 18

Many infants are just constitutionally ____.

Important to identify SGA associated with ____ (___ ___ ___).

Answer 18

small, IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction

Question 19

IUGR are Infants who are ____ than they are ____ programmed to be

Answer 19

smaller, genetically

Question 20

What is proportionality?

Answer 20

The correspondence between birth weight and head circumference percentiles

Question 21

Proportionality is a ___ and ___-____ method to identify babies who are at higher risk of adverse outcomes.

Answer 21

simple, non-invasive,

Question 22

Neonatal mortality and morbidity of babies who weighed less than the 5th to 10th percentile for gestational age are often categorized based on the type of ____ ____ ____.

This helps with the ___-___ prognosis after birth

Answer 22

intrauterine growth retardation

short-term

Question 23

What’s the “morbidity and mortality” difference between dSGA and pSGA?

Answer 23

Babies with both a birth weight and head circumference below the 10th percentile (pSGA) are at greater risk of mortality than those with a head circumference above the 5th-10th percentile but weight below the10th percentile (dSGA)

Question 24

What is morbidity?

Answer 24

Morbidity defined by conditions like birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, neurological impairment and neonatal infection…conditions likely to lead to death.

Question 25

Morbidity is higher in those ___ ___ ___ (__) who were delivered at term.

Answer 25

proportionately small babies (pSGA)

Question 26

Pulmonary or cardiac defect: High ___/ low ____. Add ___ to get __kcal/ounce

Answer 26

kcal, volume, MCT, 28

Question 27

LES: Add ____ to reduce ____ or help with ____.

Answer 27

thickness, vomiting, swallowing

Question 28

PKU: Specially formulated to contain balance of ___ ____ without ___ (but with ___)

Answer 28

amino acids, Phe, Tyr

Question 29

MSUD (Maple Syrup Urine Disease) | Remove __ ____, ____ and ____.

Answer 29

AA leucine, isoleucine, valine

Question 30

Some infants can’t handle certain ____ ____ but some can’t digest ____ at all. Formula is ____.

Answer 30

amino acids, food, predigested

Question 31

pSGA do better if ___ ___. They experienced ___ ____ throughout development. They have lower # of cells in ___ and ____.

Answer 31

breast fed, poor nutrition, organs, tissues

Question 32

dSGA have increased risk of ___ ____.

Answer 32

chronic disease,

Question 33

dSGA- More likely to have ___trimester growth restriction. Their organs are ___ but have normal ___ #s.

Answer 33

3rd, small, cell

Question 34

These do to the best: ____ and ____.

Answer 34

AGA, LGA

Question 35

These do the best-AGA: Between ___ and ____ % (wt, length, head circumference) Just ___ but not necessarily okay…right?

Answer 35

10th, 90th, right.

Question 36

``` These do the best-LGA: >___ % >____ g Do ___ but not when born to mothers with ____ or ____ diabetes Shoulder ____ __-___. ```

Answer 36

``` 90th, 4500, well undiagnosed uncontrolled dystocia C-section ```

Question 37

``` Infant Nutrition: Nutrition influences ____. Both ___ and ___ nutrition harmful ___-___ months critical for brain growth The stage of ____ determines diet ```

Answer 37

growth under, over 1st-6th maturation

Question 38

Infant nutrition: Nutritional status assessed by ___. ___ ____ required for growth

Answer 38

growth, | substantial energy

Question 39

Growth after birth determined by: _____ (no control) _____ (inform to increase control) _____ (inform to increase control)

Answer 39

genetics, diet, environment

Question 40

Psychosocial Development influenced by: ``` ____ response to ___ ___ ____ during feeding Development of ___ Propping a bottle is not ___ and hinders ____. Early behavior governed by ___. ```

Answer 40

``` parents, hunger physical contact trust safe, development reflexes ```

Question 41

Newborns have an immature ____ system

Answer 41

digestive

Question 42

Development of digestion and absorption influenced by: ____ factors ____: the digestive tract is an endocrine organ ____ _____

Answer 42

growth, hormones enzymes Immunoglobulins

Question 43

Digestion in infancy: | Term infants can digest and absorb nutrients from a ___ ____ i.e. mammalian milk

Answer 43

suitable source

Question 44

Digestive capacity increases in the ___ year. Stomach capacity __-___ mls at birth (1/3 ounce or about a teaspoon or two. It is ___mls at 1year

Answer 44

1st, 10-12 200

Question 45

Some VLBW infants get ___.

Answer 45

NEC, necrotizing entero­colitis (NEC)

Question 46

The infant has an immature ___.

Answer 46

kidney

Question 47

The functional development of the nephron is not complete until: ___ month

Answer 47

first

Question 48

Mature proportion of the kidney tubules reached at _ months.

Answer 48

5

Question 49

The pituitary gland produces limited ___ (fluid balance)

Answer 49

ADH

Question 50

Capacity to reduce or concentrate ___ is limited.

Answer 50

URINE

Question 51

``` Fluid Balance: Maintenance of ___ and ____ balance is limited. Increased risk of ____. Not a problem except when: ____ is prepared incorrectly Increased ___ ___ (vomiting, diarrhea) ____ ```

Answer 51

``` water, electrolyte, dehydration formula fluid loss fever. ```

Question 52

The infant kidney can handle a renal solute load of ___-___ mOs/liter. ____ is much lower (280 – 310 mOs/liter)

Answer 52

900 – 1100 | goal

Question 53

``` Potential renal solute loads vary: Human milk __ Cow’s milk formula __ Soy based formula __ Cow’s milk __- getting high ```

Answer 53

93, 135 165 308-getting high

Question 54

What is mOS?

Answer 54

It is a measure of particles in the solution | Nitrogen (urea) and electrolytes (Na+, K+,