Nutrition for the toddler and preschool years- FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Toddlers: children between _ and __ years.

Rapid increase in gross and fine __ ___.

Answer 1

1 and 3

motor skills

Question 2

Preschool age – children between __ and __ years.

Answer 2

3 and 5

Question 3

Preschool Age:
Increasing \_\_\_(you aren't the boss of me)
broader \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_. 
Increasing \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Expanding \_\_\_-\_\_\_.

Answer 3

autonomy
social circumstances
language skills
self-control

Question 4

Children have an innate ability to self-regulate ___ __ if the foods offered are nutritious whole foods.

Answer 4

food intake

Question 5

Parents and caretakers need to provide children ___ ___.

Answer 5

nutritious foods

Question 6

Let child decide:
___ ….within some guidelines
___ ___…within some guidelines

Answer 6

what

how much

Question 7

Parents and caretakers still influence:
appropriate ___
__ ___
other __ ___ and ___ formed during the toddler and preschool years.

These lessons are mainly transferred by ____.

Answer 7

eating
physical activity
health behaviors, habits

example

Question 8

Regular monitoring of ___ and ___ is the best means of assessing whether food intake is adequate.

Pediatrician ___ visits are very important

Answer 8

weight, height

wellness

Question 9

Common Nutrition Problems:
___-___
___ ___
____

Answer 9

iron-deficiency
dental carriers
obesity

Question 10

Requirements for children: 
Protein \_\_/kg
Vitamin D \_\_/kg
Calcium (mg) \_\_/kg
phosphorous(mg) \_\_/kg
Iron(mg) \_\_/kg
Iodide(ug) \_\_/kg

Answer 10

1.2
0.4
38
35
0.5
6.9

Question 11

Pre-school Years:
Period of \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increasing skill in \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_. 
Development of individual \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increased \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Control of \_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increasing \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_.

Answer 11

slower growth
eating and feeding
food preferences
physical activity
body functions
social interaction

Question 12

Physical Growth:
Growth rate ____. Increasing percentage of ___ ___.
Brain continues to ___.
___ growth

Answer 12

decreases
muscle mass
grow
bone

Question 13

Physical Growth:
Wide range nutrient requirements due to differences in:
Body \_\_\_
Body \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ rates
\_\_\_\_ patterns

Answer 13

size
composition
growth
activity

Question 14

Energy Determined by:
___ ___
___ of ___
_____

Answer 14

basal metabolism
rate, growth
activity

Question 15

Protein-Requirement based on:
\_\_\_\_
Changes in \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Synthesis of new \_\_\_\_. 
Adequate protein can be obtained from a \_\_\_\_ diet

Answer 15

Maintenance
body composition
tissue
vegetarian

Question 16

Protein content of body ____.

__% at 1 year to __-__% at ~ 4 years

Answer 16

increases
15%
18-19%

Question 17

Fiber:

___ + __ grams used to be the rule of thumb…compare to __ g/___kcal

Answer 17

age, 5,
14
1000

Question 18

Calcium:
Necessary for \_\_\_ \_\_\_ and \_\_\_. 
Intake decreased in \_\_\_ \_\_\_ years.
Absorption \_\_-\_\_%
\_\_\_ and \_\_\_ \_\_\_ primary sources.

Answer 18

bone growth and mineralization
pre school
30-60
milk
dairy products

Question 19

Calcium:
Inadequate intakes could result in:
___ growth rates
Inadequate ____.

Answer 19

slow

mineralization

Question 20

Iron:
Most ___ deficiency in most countries
__ ___ children vulnerable

Answer 20

common

pre-school

Question 21

Iron deficiency causes:
Impaired ___ and ___ development
Decreased resistance to ____.

Answer 21

mental
physical
infection

Question 22

Prevention of ___ an important goal in children.

Strategies include:
Using ground meats for ____ ___.
__ ___ with non-heme iron
Reducing or avoiding excessive ___, ___ and ___.

Answer 22

anemia
heme iron
Vit. C
fiber, tea, antacids

Question 23

Zinc:
required for ___.

Consequences of deficiency include:
Growth \_\_\_
Reduced \_\_\_
Impaired \_\_\_ \_\_\_
Impaired \_\_\_\_

Answer 23

growth
retardation
appetite
wound healing
immunity

Question 24

Meat and seafood are good sources of ___ ___.

Answer 24

bioavailable zinc

Question 25

Absorption of zinc affected by: Amount in ___. ___ content of diet

Answer 25

diet, fiber

Question 26

Vitamins: Requirements based on ___ and ___ intake. ___ could provide most vitamins.

Answer 26

protein, energy | diet

Question 27

``` Vitamins: Supplement recommended for Children avoiding ___ ( D, B2 ) Children on ___ ___ (folate) Children with low intakes of fruits and vegetables (__ and __) __ or ___ children ____ Chronic ____ ____ Diets for ___ Limited ___ ___ Frequent ___ ```

Answer 27

``` milk goats milk A and C deprived neglected anorexia diseases vegans obesity food acceptance illness ```

Question 28

``` Normal food behavior at age 2-5: ___ in food Changes in ___ and ___. Food ____ Erratic ____ ____preferences ``` Pre school children find ____ foods easier to chew ___ and ____ increase in popularity

Answer 28

``` Disinterest likes and dislikes rituals appetite Strong carbohydrate Yogurt and cheese ```

Question 29

``` Normal food behavior 2-5: Factors that affect food choices include: ___ Acceptance ___/___ influences ____ ```

Answer 29

Food Parent/caregiver TV

Question 30

5-7 Year olds: Frequency of eating not related to ____, unless very low or high. Children need ___ snacks Limit excessive ___, ____, and ___ ___. Many pre-school children in day care ~ __ hours Focus on average intakes over ___, not on ___ intake

Answer 30

``` nutrition nutritious sweets, juices, soft drinks 8 weeks daily ```

Question 31

Prevention Plus: Limit ___ ___ beverages Encourage __ and ___ Limit __ and other

Answer 31

``` sugar sweetened fruits and veg TV 2 breakfast restaurants Portion Calcium Fiber DRI 60 limit ```

Question 32

SWM:

Answer 32

Structured weight management

Question 33

SWM: ``` Requires more ___ follow up ___ plan Screen time: <_hour ____ activity for ___ minutes ____ follow-up ```

Answer 33

``` frequent Diet 1 Supervised, 60 Monthly ```

Question 34

CMI-

Answer 34

comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention

Question 35

CMI: ___ intense More ___ involved Weekly visits for __-__weeks __ term diet with reduced ___ (involves small kcal reduction, increased activity) NO MORE THAN __ pound of weight lost in a ____!!!! ____ training, looking at the ___ environment

Answer 35

``` more professionals 8-12 Short kilocalories 1 month Parental home ```

Question 36

Tertiary Care Intervention- Only for ____, not for ___ or ____.

Answer 36

adolescentstoddler or pre-schooler

Question 37

``` Uniquely positioned to have an impact on the obesity epidemic: ___ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ```

Answer 37

Head Start WIC School Lunch Programs SNAP

Question 38

vegan and macrobiotic diet children tend to have lower ___ ___ but remain within normal ranges

Answer 38

growth rates

Question 39

Energy - Determined by ___ ___ of ___ ____

Answer 39

REE Rate, growth activity

Question 40

Protein-Requirement based on _____ Changes in ___ ____ Synthesis of new ___

Answer 40

Maintenance body composition tissue

Question 41

Protein content of body ____: ___% at 1 year __-___% at ~ 4 years

Answer 41

increases 15 18-19

Question 42

Iron: Most ____ deficiency in north America ___ ___ children vulnerable: rapid growth makes them one of the most at-risk groups Prevention of ___ an important goal in children

Answer 42

common Pre school anemia

Question 43

Iron deficiency causes: Impaired ___ and ____development Decreased resistance to ___

Answer 43

mental and physical | infection

Question 44

Malnutrition-old theory: | ____ > ___ ____> delayed ___ development

Answer 44

malnutrition, brain damage, mental

Question 45

Malnutrition hinders ____ abilities in a maze of interacting routes: ___ damage, overall ____, ___ level, rate of ___ development, rate of ____.

Answer 45

``` cognitive brain health energy motor growth ```

Question 46

Malnutrition: Low____status Impoverished children are at risk for: ____ impairment

Answer 46

economic | cognitive

Question 47

___ ___ could be a legitimate force in propelling children who are already at a disadvantage early in life onto the right path.

Answer 47

Head Start