Infant GD Flashcards
Cephalocaudal
Eyes before hands
Proximodistal
sitting up before fine motor skills
Factors Influencing Development
- Genetics
- Nutrition
- Prenatal & environment
- Family and community
- Cultural factors
Infant
1-12 months
Toddler
1 -3 years
Preschooler
3-6 years
School age
6-12
Adolescent
13
Neonate
Birth-28 days
Erikson 5 stages
- Trust vs mistrust (Infant)
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt (Toddler)
- Initiative vs guilt (Preschooler)
- Industry vs inferiority (School age)
- Identity vs role confusion (Adolescent)
Anticipatory Guidance
Knowing what to except at various age groups
- to teach parents about health habits, illness, and injury prevention
- will aid in catching a child who may be falling behind
- Help in formulating a plan of care
Infancy
(0-1 year) WEIGHT -Loose up to 10% of birth weight -Rapid growth: 1oz per day until 6m old -Doubles weight by 6m, triples by 1 year
HEIGHT
- Inc by 1in/month until 6m
- Inc height by 50% by 1 year
HEAD -0.5 inches/month for firth 6m -Baby's born w/2 fontanelles (anterior and posterior) Posterior closes: 6-8weeks Anterior closes: 12-18 months
New born Vitals
RR: 30-60/min (1 yr 20-30)
HR: 120-160 (1 yr 100-120)
BP: 80/40 (1 yr 100/60)
Fetal Hemaglobin
Present for first 5 months of age (shorter lifespan of RBCs
Maternal iron stores diminish at 5-6 months
Digestive system: immature at birth, enzymes don’t start to function until 3 months
Drool due to poor swallow reflex
Amylase and lipase not working until 4-6 months
Infant Vision
Birth to 1M: follows object to midline (8-10in away)
2M: Lift and look
3M: Interest in faces, begins to associate visual stimuli and event
4M: hand regard, follows past midline, recognizes familiar objects, follows parents
6M: directed reach, depth perception
7M: transfer objects between hands
10M: object permanence
Infant Hearing
Discrimination of mother’s voice at birth
3-6 months localizes sound, begins to understand few words
6-12 months: says first meaningful word
12M: hears and follows command
Tooth eruption: first deciduous tooth 5-6M
Infant Motor Development: Gross
Newborns have random, diffuse, and uncoordinated movements. reflexes carry out bodily functions and responses to external stimuli
Head control
1M: marked head lag
by 3M: can hold head up
by 4-6M: good head control
Infant Motor Development: Gross 2
By 5M: rolls from belly to back
By 6M: rolls from back to belly
SITTING
by 6M: infant can sit w/support
By 7M: infants can sit alone leaning forward on their hands (tripod)
**By 8M: infants can sit unsupported
by 10M: can go into sitting position from prone or supine
Tummy Time
Infant on belly and pushed up on arms
-helps gain control of head
Infant Motor Development: Gross: Moving
4-6M: able to push backwards with arms (increased coordination in arms)
8-10M: can crawl forward on belly first
11M: able to creep on hands and knees (belly off floor)
6-7M: can bear all weight on legs
9M: can pull up on things, stand by holding on
10-12M: cruisers (walking w/holding on)
12M: walks well with hand held, takes indep steps shortly after
Most babies walk WELL by 15M of age
Refined Pincer grasp
By 12 months (finger foods help with this)
