Infant Health

Question 1

Infant health screenings

Answer 1

-regularly scheduled intervals
-starts at 1 month
-routine vaccinations, education, anticipatory guidence

Question 2

Sensorimotor is. assessed how in. infants?

Answer 2

direct. observations by parents, teachers, and child care, providers

Question 3

WCC begin?

Answer 3

1month post-birth
-2mo/4mo/6mo/9mo/12mo
-if infant is discharge prior to 48hr, infant first visit should be w/in 48hours

Question 4

Ages and stages screening

Answer 4

parents assessment of their Childs language, social, motor, and problem solving

Question 5

Infant height and weight and head circumference

Answer 5

every WCC, head circumference measured till 2 years of age

Question 6

head control ?

Answer 6

4 months

Question 7

no head lag when infant is pulled to sitting ?

Answer 7

6months

Question 8

Posterior fontanels.

Answer 8

close 2months
-tirangualr shape

Question 9

Anterior fontanels

Answer 9

closes 15-18months
-diamond shape

Question 10

Flattened nasal bridge indicates?

Answer 10

FAS
Trismony 21

Question 11

Shrill, high pitches cry indicates?

Answer 11

increased intracranial pressure

Question 12

Abdomen is?
liver is palpable ?

Answer 12

prominent/ protruberant
-1-2cm below the right coastal margin

Question 13

Diastasis recti

Answer 13

-separation. of the rectus abdomens muscle, common in infants and resolves on own, usually when infant starts using abdominal muscles

Question 14

testes descend ?

Answer 14

-age 3 months

Question 15

DDH

Answer 15

-typically present at birth
-findings such as asymmetry of skin fold thickness and unequal leg length indicates DDH

Question 16

DDH can be detected by?

Answer 16

<3mo
Barlow Maneuver
Ortolani Maneuver
-palpable “clunk” is present upon reduction of the hip
>3mo
Allis
-unequal leg length, measure popliteal folds
Galeazzi Sign
-inequality in the height of the knees while patient lies down with his or her feet drawn in towards buttocks

Question 17

infant lymph nodes

Answer 17

infants may present with enlargements in the inguinal and cervical nodes
-shotty nodes may indicate past infection
-Palpable Supraclavicular lymph nodes or nodes larger than 3mm should warrant urgent referral for possible malignancy

general lymphadenopathy- leukemia

Question 18

Developmental disabilities screening when?

Answer 18

during WCCs
-9mo/18mo/ 24mo/30mo

-Denver II
-Bayley Scales of Infant Development
-The Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener
-ASQ
-Newborn Behavioral Assessment Scale
-Modified Checklist for Autism

Question 19

Nervous System Development and function assessed how?

Answer 19

moro reflex
tonic neck reflex

Question 20

Visual Acuity measured?

Answer 20

blink reflex and pupil constriction

Question 21

Hearing screened ?

Answer 21

-otoacoustic emissions
-auditory brainstem response

Question 22

Development of fear of strangers and fear of separation from parents?

Answer 22

7-9months

Question 23

Breastfed exclusively until?

Answer 23

6months of age
-introduce iron fortified foods at this time

Question 24

transitioned to whole milk when?

Answer 24

12months of age
limit to 24ounces per day to avoid micro-gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 25

tooth decay common cause to asses for?

Answer 25

-prolonged baby bottle use

Question 26

first dental visit?

Answer 26

1 year of age

Question 27

fluoride given?

Answer 27

6months is no fluoride in water supply

Question 28

sleep for 2months to 1 year of age

Answer 28

16-18hours per day with 2-3naps daily

Question 29

sleep precautions for infants

Answer 29

-avoid parents sleeping with infant, bed-sharing can increase risks for SIDs -put infants on back -firm sleeping surface -keeping soft objects out of crib -pacifier at nap time and bedtime -breastfeeding

Question 30

Injury precaution for?

Answer 30

-falls -burns -posion -choking -drowning

Question 31

Temperature of infants

Answer 31

high temps. b/c greater surface area to body weight ratio and higher metabolic rate fever if rectal temp is greater than 100.4 F

Question 32

Degrees of illness in infant

Answer 32

mildly ill 100.4F -normal, alert, active feeding well, smiles Moderately ill 102F -fussy or irritable -may be consolable and smile Severely ill -temp of 104F or greater -listless -cannot be consumes -feed poorly or not at all Hospital admission recommended if temp is above 100.4F

Question 33

If no local site of infection can be found on infant think?

Answer 33

UTI Pneumonia another type of infection

Question 34

management of fever

Answer 34

Tylenol -ibuprofen if infant is not responding to Tylenol and closely monitored in hospital or undergoing sepsis workup Tylenol 10-15mg/kg Ibuprofen 5-10mg/kg

Question 35

Infections causing fever at 1month

Answer 35

Group B strep Gram negative enteric

Question 36

infections causing fevers at 2 months

Answer 36

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Heamophilus Influenzae