Infant Health

Question 1

What is the newborn period considered?

Answer 1

1-2 months

Question 2

What is the infancy period considered?

Answer 2

1-12 months

Question 3

Gross motor infant health is described as ______.

Answer 3

cephalocaudal

Question 4

Fine motor infant health is develops from _____ to ______.

Answer 4

proximal to distal

Question 5

If an infant is discharged from the hospital prior to 48 hours, when should the first visit be?

Answer 5

within 3-5 days

Question 6

When is hematocrit typically ordered in infancy?

Answer 6

between 6, 9 and 12 months–unless otherwise indicated

Question 7

How long is head circumference measured?

Answer 7

up to 2 years

Question 8

Head control should be achieved by _____.

Answer 8

4 months

Question 9

No head lag when pulled to sitting by _____ months.

Answer 9

6 months–lag may be first indicator of cerebral palsy

Question 10

What can fissures at lip corners possibly indicate?

Answer 10

vitamin deficiency (fissures at lip corners is called cheilosis)

Question 11

What do asymmetrical enlarged tonsils possibly indicate?

Answer 11

Tonsillar lymphoma

Question 12

If an infant has a high pitch shrill, what could this possibly indicate?

Answer 12

increased ICP

Question 13

Pectus carinatum

Answer 13

pigeon chest (out)

Question 14

Pectus excavatum

Answer 14

sunken chest (caved in)–most common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest

Question 15

Gynecomastia/galactorrhea can last up to ___months due to hormones.

Answer 15

3 months

Question 16

The liver edge is palpable ___cm below the right costal margin in infants.

Answer 16

1-2

Question 17

Diastasis recti

Answer 17

separation of the rectus abdomen muscle

Question 18

Phimosis

Answer 18

unable to fully retract foreskin

Question 19

Testes should be fully descended by_____ months.

Answer 19

3 months of age

Question 20

What is Alli’s sign and what does it test for?

Answer 20

Unequal leg length –screening for developmental hip dysplasia

Question 21

What is galeazzi’s sign and what does it test for?

Answer 21

Unequal knee height–screening for developmental hip dysplasia. If bilateral dysplasia, will not be accurate screening

Question 22

Explain when to be concerned and not be concerned with swollen lymph nodes in infancy.

Answer 22

1 cm inguinal, 2 cm cervical enlargement (palpable) may be a normal variant
Shotty lymph nodes indicate past infection
Supraclavicular nodes require aggressive investigation

Question 23

What indicates newborn vision?

Answer 23

Blink reflex and pupil constriction indicate newborn vision

Question 24

Hearing loss indicates loss of _____ decibels.

Answer 24

20 to 30 decibles

Question 25

Types of temperament in infants

Answer 25

easy slow to warm up difficult/cyclic

Question 26

What does stranger anxiety typically occur?

Answer 26

by 6 months of age

Question 27

When does separation anxiety typically occur?

Answer 27

by 8 months of age

Question 28

What can result with insecure attachment?

Answer 28

avoidance, anxiety, disorganization

Question 29

Yolk of an egg is ________, where an egg white is ______.

Answer 29

hypoallergenic vs hyperallergenic

Question 30

What are developmental warning signs of infancy?

Answer 30

``` apparent visual delay Does not raise head when lying on stomach by 3 months Does not try to pick up toy by 6 months No reactions to noise/voice Does not laugh Does not seek interpersonal contact Does not sit up ```

Question 31

Acetaminopen dose

Answer 31

First line of therapy for fevers | 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours

Question 32

Ibuprofen dose

Answer 32

approved after 6 months of age | 10 mg/kg every 6 hours

Question 33

What is a fever considered in early infancy?

Answer 33

greater than 100.4 (38 celsius) Temperatures higher than 101.8 (38.9) suggest serious bacterial infection 40% of fevers occur in infants less than 4 weeks of age 40% of fevers are viral

Question 34

Bacterial infections in infants most common cause in 1 month?

Answer 34

Group B strep and gram-negative enteric organisms

Question 35

Bacterial infections in infants most common cause at 2 months?

Answer 35

s. pneumoniae and H. influenza