Infants

Question 1

What are the energy requirements for infants/

Answer 1

1800-200kJ/d - high

Question 2

The _____ is a time for rapid growth

Answer 2

The first year is a time for rapid growth, high BMR

Question 3

Why does a small body size influence an infants needs?

Answer 3

Small body size means a limited gastric capacity and an immature digestive system.

Question 4

Why does high evaporative water loss influence the needs of an infant?

Answer 4

High evaporative water loss means high body water content (70% of body weight at birth), infants are easily dehydrated, and unlike adults most of the water is held in extracellular spaces.

Question 5

Why are carbohydrates important for infant growth and energy?

Answer 5

Glucose provide energy to all cells but essential for central nervous system (brain)

Question 6

Why are fats important for infant growth and energy?

Answer 6

Most of the energy from breast milk / infant formula comes in the form of triglycerides

Question 7

Why is protein (nitrogen) important for infant growth and energy?

Answer 7

Needed for synthesis of new body tissue, enzymes and hormones

Question 8

How many Australian women, on average, are still breastfeeding at 6 months?

Answer 8

14% of women are breastfeeding still at 6 months.
56% at 3 months
80% at 1 week
92% at birth

Question 9

Breastmilk contains….

Answer 9

Protein = whey & essential amino acid profile
Lipids = long chain PUFA & shirt chain fats
Carbs = lactose
Minerals

Question 10

Up until when must an instant formula be used, when weaning off breast milk (i.e. at what point could you go straight to cows milk)?

Answer 10

1 year / 12 months

Question 11

What is formulae made from?

Answer 11

Modified cows milk (or goats / soy / hypoallergenic). Designed to mimic through same energy content (different sources)

Question 12

How many infants, who are intolerant to cows milk formula, are also intolerant to soy?

Answer 12

40-50%

Question 13

Babies being breastfed are sourcing the majority of their energy (kilojoule) needs from which macronutrient?
Choose one answer.
	 a. Carbohydrates  	
	 b. Protein 
	 c. Fibre  
	 d. Fats

Answer 13

Fats are the majority of a babies energy needs, when being breastfed. Triglycerides are the main source of energy for babies

Question 14

At what age do we introduce solid foods to children?
Choose one answer.
	 a. 4 months 	
	 b. 8 months 	
	 c. 2 months 	
	 d. 6 months

Answer 14

6 months – at this age babies can sit up and swallow, introducing foods at this age reduces the risk of choking and allergies.

Question 15

Some of the first foods to introduce to baby are:
Choose one answer.
a. Honey from a spoon
b. Pureed vegetables
c. Porridge
d. Steamed vegetable sticks they can hold in their hands

Answer 15

Pureed vegetables – this is one of the recommended foods to introduce babies to solids