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Pre-Reg 2022 - Infection 1 > Infection 2 > Flashcards

Infection 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

When would you not give Clindamycin and what would you give instead

A

STOP

Give Vancomycin

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2
Q

What is clindamycin used to treat (2)

A

Osetomylisis

Skin Bone and Joint Infection

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3
Q

What is the biggest side effect with clindamycin and of which cohort of patients

A

c.diff

Eldery and women

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4
Q

What is the side effect on Linezolid (5)

A 
Serotonin syndrome 
Hypertensive crisis 
Interaction with MOAI’s 
Blood dyscariasia 
Optic Neuropathy
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5
Q

What monitoring with Linezolid is needed

A

Full weekly blood counts

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6
Q

What drug interaction need to be thought of when prescribing vancomycin with people who take SSR1s

A

Serotonin syndrome , patients should stop taking TCA 2 weeks before

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7
Q

Is Linezolid a reversible MOAI

A

Yes – so avoid tyramine rich food

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8
Q

What are the side effects of Trimethoprim (3)

A

Antifolate
Hyperkalaemia
Blood dyscraisas

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9
Q

When is trimethoprim contraindicated

A

1st and 2nd trimester

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10
Q

What are the three uses of co-trimoxazole

A

PCP prophylaxis and treatment
Toxoplasmosis
Nocardiosis

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11
Q

What are the side effects of co-trimoxazole (2)

A

SJS
Photosensitivity
Blood disorders

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12
Q

What is chloramphenicol used for and what do you need to measure

A

Life threatening conditions

Monitor plasma levels

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13
Q

Side effect of chloramphenicol (2)

A

Grey baby syndrome

Haematological side effects

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14
Q

Does metronidazole need to be taken with food

A

YES

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15
Q

What is metronidazole used for

A

Anaerobic infections

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16
Q

What side effects does metronidazole cause (5)

A 
Disulphide reaction with alcohol 
Flurried tongue 
GI disturbances 
Taste disturbances
Oral mucosa
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17
Q

Side effects of nitrofurantoin

A

Peripheral Neurophathy
Pulmonary fibrosis
Jaundice
Nausea

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18
Q

When should you avoid nitrofurantoin

A

In patients with EGFR 45ml/min

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19
Q

Name the five Aminoglycosides

A 
TANGS
Torbomycin 
Aminoglycoside 
Neomycin
Gentamycin 
Streptomycin
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20
Q

What is the aminoglycoside of choice in the UK and what is second line

A

Gentamycin / Amikacin

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21
Q

Which aminoglycoside can only be used via inhaler

A

Turbomycin

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22
Q

Which aminoglycoside can only be used through mucosal layers

A

Neomycin

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23
Q

Which patient group do you need to monitor gentamycin levels especially in (5)

A 
Elderly 
Renal impairment 
Cystic Fibrosis 
High doses 
Obese
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24
Q

What are the side effects of gentamycin (5)

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Peripheral Neuropathy
Myopathy – Especially in pt. with myasthenia gravis
Electrolyte disturbances (Hypo K / Mg / Ca)

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25
Should you avoid aminoglycosides in pregnancy
Yes, causes Ototoxicity
26
As aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity what should also be avoided
Loop diuretics
27
As aminoglycosides can cause nephrotoxicity what should also be avoided
Cisplatin / Ciclosporin / Vancomycin
28
What should the one hour peak concentration of gentamycin
5-10 | 3-5 with endocarditis
29
What is the target Predose of gentamycin?
2 | 1 with endocarditis
30
When would you avoid once only dosing of gentamycin
HACK Burns more than 20% EGFR less than 20ml/min Endocarditis
31
What would you do if the: o Post dose peak level after 1 hour is too high = o Post dose trough level is too high before next dose = o Renal impairment = o Severe renal impairment =
o Post dose peak level after 1 hour is too high = Reduce dose o Post dose trough level is too high before next dose = Increase interval o Renal impairment = Increase interval o Severe renal impairment = Reduce dose
32
Examples of glycopeptides
Vancomyin , teolplnaina
33
What is vancomycin used for
MRSA and c.diff
34
What is the target level for vancomycin
10 -15 | 15-20 in endo
35
When would you monitor treatment for vancomycin
You don’t need to only when trough is too high and you would monitor after every 3-4 doses
36
Does vancomycin have a long half life
Yes – so given BD
37
Would you give vancomycin in pregnancy?
NO
38
What are the monitoring requirements for vancomycin
Ear Renal Blood
39
What are the side effects for vancomycin
``` Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Photosensitivity Skin disorders Blood disorders Red man syndrome (if IV is too fast) Thrombophlebitis at the site of the infection ```
40
What are examples of tetracyclines
Demeclocycline / Doxycycline / Oxytetracyline / Tetracycline / Minocycline
41
What are the side effects of tetracyclines
Skin Oesophageal Irritation Intercranial hypertension Visual disturbances
42
Do you avoid tetracyclines in renal impairment
Yes – apparent from Doxycycline Minocycline
43
What counselling needs to be given with tetracyclines and with which tetracyclines
DD - Demeclocycline Doxycycline (avoid sun) DOT Demeclocycline Oxytetracyline Tetracycline (avoid milk) DMT – Doxycycline Minocycline and Tetracycline (Oesophageal Irritation)
44
Examples of quinolones
Ciprofloxacin / Levofloxacin / Moxifloxacin / Norfloxacin.
45
When are quinolones mostly used
Lower RTI and UTIs
46
When would you avoid giving quinolones
Pregnancy to arthropathy
47
What are your side effects of quinolones
- Tendonitis - Lower seizure threshold - QT prolongation – leads to ventricular arrythmia
48
When would you discontinue quinolones
- Psychiatric - Neurological - Hypertensive reaction
49
What are the interaction of quinolones
- NSAIDs - Theophylline - QT prolongation
50
What are the counselling points for quinolones
- Impaired driving - DO not take with antacids - Drink with a full glass of water - Protect your skin
51
When would you give macrolides
People who can’t take penicillin’s
52
What consideration do you need to take when prescribing quinolones for people who take warfarin
Warfarin = Increase risk of bleeding
53
What consideration do you need to take when prescribing quinolones for people who take statins
Statins = Increase risk of myopathy
54
What is the dosing of quinolones
Azithromycin OD / Clarithromycin BD / Erythromycin QDS/ Telithromycin / Spiramycin
55
What patient group do you avoid macrolides
Myesthesia gravis – because it causes electrolyte imbalances
56
What are the side effect of macrolides
GI QT interval prolongation Hepatoxicity Ototoxicity
57
What are the four classes of penicillin’s
- Broad - Narrow - Penicillinase resistant - Antipseudomonal
58
What are examples of your narrow-spectrum penicillin’s + Side effects
- Benzylpenicillin (penG)/ | - Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penV)
59
What are examples of your Broad spec antibiotics + Side effects
- Ampicillin / Amoxicillin - Can cause C/diff - Amoxicillin can cause jaundice
60
What are your examples of the penicillinase Resistant + Side effects + Uses + Length of treatment
- Flucloxacillin - Used : Staph - Side effects: Jaundice - Length of treatment: 14 days
61
What are your examples of your antipseudomonal + Side effects?
- Piperacillin / Ticarcillin | - Uses: Serious infection / complicated UTI’s / HAP
62
Can we give penicillin’s intrathecally
NO : Can cause encephalopathy
63
Which one is gastric stable PenV or PenG
PenV: Phenoxymethylpenicillin (oral use)
64
Examples of cephalosporins
Cefixime / Ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime
65
Side effects of cephalosporins
C.diff | Hypersensitivity

Pre-Reg 2022 - Infection 1 (4 decks)

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