Infection

Question 1

<p>What virus causes shingles and chicken pox? </p>

Answer 1

<p>Varicella Zoster virus </p>

Question 2

<p>When do people usually get chicken pox? </p>

Answer 2

<p>Primary infection typically in childhood</p>

Question 3

<p>When do people usually get shingles? </p>

Answer 3

<p>Typically an older age, is a reactivation of virus </p>

Question 4

<p>How does chickenpox present? </p>

Answer 4

<p>Generalised rash (inflammation)
Fever
Itch</p>

Question 5

<p>What are the steps of recovery in terms of the rash in chickenpox? </p>

Answer 5

<p>Macules --> Papules --> Vesciles --> Scabs --> Recovery</p>

Question 6

<p>What are the complications of chicken pox? </p>

Answer 6

<p>Secondary bacterial infection 
Pneumonitis 
Haemorrhagic
Scarring, absent or minor 
Encephalitis </p>

Question 7

<p>What is neonatal VZV? </p>

Answer 7

<p>Secondary chickenpox in mother in late pregnancy, high mortality rate</p>

Question 8

<p>How is neonatal VZV prevented? </p>

Answer 8

<p>Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin in susceptible women in contact </p>

Question 9

<p>What is the distribution of shingles on the skin? </p>

Answer 9

<p>Dermatomal </p>

Question 10

<p>Who gets shingles ? </p>

Answer 10

<p>Eldely and immunocomprimised </p>

Question 11

<p>What nerve is commonly affected in shingles? </p>

Answer 11

<p>Trigeminal </p>

Question 12

<p>What pain is associated with shingles? </p>

Answer 12

<p>Neuralgia </p>

Question 13

<p>What is Opthalmic Zoster? </p>

Answer 13

<p>Shingles associated with the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Urgent opthalmic referral indicated </p>

Question 14

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve</p>

Question 15

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve</p>

Question 16

<p>In this image of shingles, which nerve is being affected?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve</p>

Question 17

When does opthalmic zoster occur in children?

Answer 17

Chickenpox in utero

Immunosuppressed

Question 18

What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Answer 18

Herpes Zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. Results in muscle paralysis on the same side of the face with the infection

Question 19

Where do you get pain in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Answer 19

Auditory canal and throat

Question 20

In Ramsay Hunt syndrome, what symptoms do you get if there is irritation of the 8th cranial nerve?

Answer 20

Deafness
Vertigo
Tinnitus

Question 21

Who routinely gets vaccinated against shingles in the UK?

Answer 21

> 70s

Question 22

What is a somewhat common complication of shingles?

Answer 22

Herpatic Neuralgia

Question 23

How is herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus treated?

Answer 23

Aciclovir (does not eliminate latent virus)

Question 24

How to get lab confirmation of VZV or HSV infection?

Answer 24

Viral swab of viral skin / mucous membrane
OR
Antibody tests where swabs not obtainable

Question 25

What is Erythema Multiforme?

Answer 25

a hypersensitivity reaction usually triggered by infections

Question 26

What rash is typical is Erythema Multiforme?

Answer 26

Target lesion

Question 27

What infections cause Erythema Multiforme

Answer 27

HSV (most commonly) | Myciplasma pneumoniae bacterium

Question 28

What disease presents with Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules?

Answer 28

Mollscum Contagiosum

Question 29

Who is affected by Mollscum Contagiosum?

Answer 29

Children (but can be sexually transmitted)

Question 30

How to treat Mollscum Contagiousm?

Answer 30

Application of liquid nitrogen --> takes months to disappear

Question 31

What virus causes warts?

Answer 31

Human Papilloma Virus

Question 32

What are warts on feet called?

Answer 32

Veruccas

Question 33

What subtype of HPV causes warts?

Answer 33

type 1 to 4

Question 34

What subtype of HPV causes genital warts?

Answer 34

type 6 and 11

Question 35

What subtype of HPV causes cervical cancer?

Answer 35

types 16 and 18

Question 36

What is hyperangia?

Answer 36

Blistering rash of back of mouth

Question 37

What infection causes Hyperangia?

Answer 37

Coxsackie virus | Echovirus

Question 38

How to diagnose Hyperangia?

Answer 38

Swab of lesion | PCR of stool for enterovirus

Question 39

What infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 39

Enteroviruses (esp Coxsackie)

Question 40

What infection causes slapped cheek syndrome?

Answer 40

Paravirus B19

Question 41

What are some symptoms of slapped cheek syndrome?

Answer 41

Red rash of face | Acute arthritis, esp in wrists as rash fades

Question 42

What are some complications of Paravirus B19?

Answer 42

Spontaneous abortion Aplastic crisis Chronic anaemia

Question 43

How do you diagnose Paravirus B19?

Answer 43

Paravirus B19 IgM test

Question 44

What disease is deemed as a virus of sheep?

Answer 44

Orf disease

Question 45

Symptoms of Orf disease?

Answer 45

Firm, fleshy nodule on hands | typically affects farmers

Question 46

What is the sign of primary phase Syphilis?

Answer 46

Chancre, a painless ulcer on the site of entry of infection

Question 47

What are the signs of secondary phase of syphilis?

Answer 47

Rash all over body (mainly sole of feet and palms of hands) | Mucous membane "snail track" ulcers

Question 48

What are the signs of tertiary phase of syphilis?

Answer 48

gummatous syphilis late neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis

Question 49

What infection cause Syphilis?

Answer 49

Bacterium Treponema Pallidum

Question 50

How do you diagnose syphilis?

Answer 50

Blood test | Swab on chancre then PCR

Question 51

Treatment of syphilis?

Answer 51

Penecillin injections

Question 52

How vector causes Lyme Disease?

Answer 52

Tic

Question 53

What infection causes Lyme disease?

Answer 53

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Question 54

What is the early presentation of Lyme disease?

Answer 54

Erythema Migrans

Question 55

What is the late presentation of Lyme disease?

Answer 55

Heart block Nerve palsy Arthritis

Question 56

How to treat Lyme disease?

Answer 56

Doxycycline or Amoxicillin

Question 57

How to confirm diagnosis of Lyme disease?

Answer 57

Blood test

Question 58

What months of the year are tics most active?

Answer 58

May to September

Question 59

How long does a tic need to be attached to cause infection?

Answer 59

24 hours