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Infection.... Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common cause of sepsis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors
Gram stain
Type of bacteria

A

Virulence factors- lipopolysaccharide
Gram stain- negative
Type- diplodocus

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3
Q

Treatment for neisseria meningitidis

A

Ceftriaxone-

Or penicillin V

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4
Q

E. Coli common conditions

A

UTIs, peritonitis, neonatal meningitis

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5
Q

E. coli
Gram stain
Type of bacteria

A

Gram negative rods

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6
Q

Treatment of e.coli UTI

A

Trimethoprim

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7
Q

What does trimethoprim do?

A

Inhibitor of folic acid synthesis

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8
Q

Where is staph aureus a commensalism?

A

Skin

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9
Q

Staph aureus

Gram stain and type

A

Gram positive
Cocci
Clusters

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10
Q

Treatments for staph aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

For MRSA use vancomycin

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11
Q

Staph epidermidis where is it found

A

On the skin- it is very difficult to remove

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12
Q

Staph epidermis
Gram stain
Type

A

Gram positive cocci

Clusters

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13
Q

Staph epidermis treatment

A

Use silver coated central lines

Flucloxacillin

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14
Q

Strep pyogenes

Virulence factors

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule- poor immunogenicity and seem life self
M protein hijacks respiratory burst
Streptokinase- breaks down blood clots

Beta haemolytic

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15
Q

Strep pyogenes

Gram stain and type

A

Gram positive cocci

In chains

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16
Q

Treatment for strep pyogenes

A

Penicillin V

Clarythromyocin if it is resistant

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17
Q

C. Difficile

Where is it found

A

Commensal at the colon
Associated with antibiotic usage
It is very difficult to get rid of

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18
Q

C. difficile virulence factors

A

Toxin A enterotoxin- causes inflammation and build up of excess fluid in the bowel- diahoerrhoea
Toxin B- cytotoxic disrupts protein synthesis and disrupts protein synthesis

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19
Q

C. Difficile

Gram stain and type of bacteria

A

Gram positive rod

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20
Q

Treatment for C. Difficile

A

Metronidazole- mild cases

Vancomycin- serious cases

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21
Q

Strep pneumoniae features

A

Community acquired pneumonia
Member of viridans streptococci
Polysaccharide capsule

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22
Q

Strep pneumoniae
Gram stain
Type of stain

A

Gram positive cocci

Normally diplococci

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23
Q

Treatment for strep pneumoniae

A

Amoxicillin
Doxycycline

Sever- co amoxiclav (IV)

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24
Q

Viridans streptcocci

A

Oral commensal community
Normally alpha haemolytic
Normally tooth decay
Gram positive in chains

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25
Haemophilia influenzae features
Nasopharyngeal commensal in certain disease free individuals Most associated with children especially pneumonia
26
Haemophiliacs influenzae | Gram stain and type
Gram negative bacilli
27
Treatment of haemophiliacs influenzae
Amoxicillin
28
What does salmonellla typhoon cause?
Typhoid | Or enteric fever
29
Salmonella typhi Gram stain Type of bacteria
Gram negative bacilli
30
Treatment for salmonella typhi
3rd generation cephalosporins Cetriaxone Flouroquines
31
Legionella pneumophilia | What does it cause?
Legionnaires disease Droplet infection Causes acute lobar pneumonia
32
Legionella pneumophilia Gram stain Type of bacteria
Gram negative bacilli
33
Legionella pneumophilia treatment
Clarythromyocin | Flouroquine
34
Epstein Barr virus diagnostics
PCR EBV serology FBC- elevated lymphocyte blood count Increased CD8 count
35
Epstein Barr Virus how it works
Double stranded DNA, enveloped virus Infects B cells- latency in B cells Results in T cell proliferation Splenomegaly
36
EBV complications
Hodgkin lymphoma Gastric lymphoma Burkitts lymphoma
37
EBVtreatment
Supportive | Acyclovir
38
Varicella zoster common causes
Immunocompromised | Young
39
Where does singles appear?
On a single dermatome | Latent infection in dorsal root ganglion
40
What does varicella zoster initially cause?
Chicken pox
41
Varicella zoster treatment
Acyclovir | Viral replication inhibitor
42
Hepatitis B how does it work?
Double stranded DNA enveloped
43
Symptoms of hepititis b?
``` Fatigue Loss of appetite Abdominal pain Nausea JAUNDICE Cirrhosis ```
44
Treatment of hepatitis. B?
Supportive Disease is self limiting Progresses to chronic no cure Antiviral to suppress viral replication
45
Vaccine for hep B?
HbSAb
46
Hepatitis b infection investigations
``` ALT ALP Bilirubin Hep B serology PCR ```
47
Hepatitis C symptoms
Mainly asymptomatic | Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain
48
Hep C transmission
Blood bourne disease IV drug user Chronically infected lead to end stage liver disease
49
Symptoms of Hep B and Hep C
Jaundice and cirrhosis
50
Treatment of Hep C
Ribovarin Interferon Can get re infected
51
HIV warning signs
Opportunistic infection Oral candidacies Kaposis sarcoma Pneumocystis pneumonia
52
HIV shape
Single stranded RNA, enveloped, retrovirus
53
HIV viral load
Inversely proportionate to viral load- CD4 viral count if CD4 is below 200 progression to AIDs
54
Treatment for HIV
2x nucleoside inhibitors- reverse transcriptase inhibitors AND 1 non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor OR 1 protease inhibitor OR An integrase inhibitor
55
Adenovirus treatment
Supportive treatment | E.g. pain killers
56
Adenovirus symptoms
Conjunctivitis, sore throat, fever, cough
57
Norovirus transmission
Focal oral route
58
Norovirus investigations
ELISA Stool sample Winter vomiting
59
Norovirus treatment
Supportive Antipyretic IV fluids
60
Vector of malaria
Female anopheles mosquito
61
Symptoms of falciparum falciporium
Female anopheles mosquito
62
Symptoms of malaria
Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Jaundice
63
Malaria investigations
THREE blood films | Liver function tests
64
Treatment for plasmodium falciporium
Quinine | Doxycycline
65
Candida albicans type of microbe
Fungi mould
66
Candida albicans commensal
Vagina | Mouth
67
Treatment for Candida albicans
Nystatin Clotrimazole IV flucanazole
68
What type of infection is aspergillous?
Fungi | Opportunistic infection
69
Treatment for aspergillous
Amphotercin | Target chitin in fungal cell wall
70
Cellulitis causative agent
Staph aureus | Strep pyogenes
71
Treatment for cellulitis
Flucloxacillin
72
Flucloxacillin properties
Effective against both strep and staph | Beta lactam
73
Tonsillitis complications
``` Peritonsillar abscess Rheumatic fever Acute post sdtreptal gastrulinephritis Impetigo Erysipelas Necrotising fasciitis ```
74
Causative agent tonsillitis
Strep pyogenes- gram positive cocci in chains
75
Treatment for tonsillitis
Penicillin V
76
Who is common to get sepsis?
Young individual
77
Causative agent for sepsis
Neisseria meningitidis | Gram. Positive diplococcus
78
Treatment for sepsis
``` Give Fluids Antibiotics - ceftriaxone- beta lactams Oxygen Take Urea/ lactate Bloods Urine levels ```
79
Two causative agents of UTIs
E. Coli | Candida albicans

Infection and immunity (10 decks)

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