Infection Flashcards Preview

Maddie’s Semester Two > Infection > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infection Deck (77)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Define sepsis. (3)

A

A dysregulated host response to infection that causes life threatening organ dysfunction.

2
Q

Describe 4 features of a seriously ill patient that would make you more likely to suspect sepsis. (4)

A

Age < 1 year.
Impaired immunity
Recent surgery / trauma / skin breaks
Indwelling lines / catheters / devices.

3
Q

Describe the sepsis 6 for paediatric patients. (7)

A
Give high flow oxygen 
Take blood cultures (get IV or IO access) 
Give IV antibiotics 
CONSIDER IV fluids based on lactate
Involve senior clinicians early 
Consider inotropic support
4
Q

Give six characteristics of a child that would cause minor concern, and result in an EWS score of 1. (6)

A
Audible wheeze
Mild costal recession
Long term steroids 
Diabetes
Ex-premie
Any syndromic condition
5
Q

Give four characteristics of a child that would cause major concern, and result in an EWS score of 2. (4)

A

Stridor
Severe costal recession
Oncology patient
Congenital heart disease

6
Q

Name three physical barriers to infection. (3)

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Bronchial cilia

7
Q

Name three physiological barriers to infection. (3)

A

Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Coughing

8
Q

Name two chemical barriers to infection. (2)

A
Low pH (vagina, stomach)
Antimicrobial agents
9
Q

Name three features of normal flora that help to fight infection. (3)

A

Competition for nutrition
Production of antimicrobials
Synthesis of vitamins

10
Q

Staph aureus

A

Gram positive cocci

11
Q

Staph epidermis

A

Gram positive cocci

12
Q

Strep pneumoniae

A

Gram positive cocci

13
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Gram positive cocci

14
Q

Enterococci faecalis

A

Gram positive cocci

15
Q

Gram positive cocci found normally on the skin, that can also be highly penicillin resistant.

A

Staph aureus

16
Q

A coagulate negative cocci that is gram positive.

A

Staph epidermis

17
Q

Alpha haemolytic cocci that is gram positive.

A

Strep pneumoniae

18
Q

Beta haemolytic cocci that is gram positive.

A

Strep pyogenes

19
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram positive bacilli

20
Q

Bacillus antracis

A

Gram positive bacilli

21
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Gram positive bacilli

22
Q

Gram positive bacilli that can cause listeriosis.

A

Listeria monocytogenes.

23
Q

Gram positive bacilli that is developed from cattle, also known as anthrax.

A

Bacillus antracis

24
Q

Gram positive bacilli that is spore-forming.

A

Clostridium difficile

25
Q

Two antibiotic classes used to treat gram positive cocci.

A

Penicillins

Carbopenems

26
Q

Two antibiotic classes used to treat gram negative cocci.

A

Cephalosporin

Quinolone

27
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Gram negative cocci

28
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Gram negative cocci

29
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

Gram negative cocci

30
Q

Gram negative cocci that can cause meningitis.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

31
Q

Gram negative cocci that can cause septic arthritis and gonorrhoea.

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

32
Q

Gram negative cocci that is a common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia in the immunosuppressed.

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

33
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gram negative bacilli

34
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Gram negative bacilli

35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram negative bacilli

36
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Gram negative bacilli

37
Q

Gram negative bacilli that produces vitamin K in the small intestine, but can cause food poisoning.

A

Escherichia Coli.

38
Q

Gram negative bacilli that causes typhoid fever.

A

Salmonella typhi

39
Q

Gram negative bacilli that commonly causes ITU sepsis as an opportunistic pathogen that is naturally antibiotically resistant.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

40
Q

Gram negative bacilli that causes pneumonia and is vaccinated against.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

41
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

A bacilli that can appear as gram negative or positive.

42
Q

A bacilli that can appear as either gram negative or gram positive

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

43
Q

A unicellular fungi that causes thrush.

A

Candida albicans

44
Q

Candida albicans

A

A yeast that causes thrush.

45
Q

A Protozoa that causes malaria.

A

Plasmodium falciparum

46
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

A Protozoa that causes malaria

47
Q

Aspergillus

A

A species of mould

48
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

A Protozoa that can cause diarrhoea

49
Q

Describe the sepsis 6.

A
Give empiric IV antibiotics 
Give high flow oxygen 
Give IV fluid resuscitation
Take blood for culture
Take serum lactate
Take accurate urine output measurement
50
Q

Name the five classes of beta lactams

A
Penicillin
Beta lactamase  inhibitors 
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
51
Q

Name three penicillins

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxicillin

52
Q

Amoxicillin

A

A penicillin

53
Q

Flucloxicllin

A

A penicillin

54
Q

Co-amoxiclav

A

A beta lactamase inhibitor

55
Q

Name three beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Co-amoxiclav
Piperacillin
Tazobactam

56
Q

Piperacillin

A

A beta lactamase inhibitor

57
Q

Tazobactam

A

A beta lactamase inhibitor

58
Q

Cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

59
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

A cephalosporin with good action in the CSF

60
Q

Carbapenem

A

Meropenem

61
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem that is the UHL first choice in sepsis

62
Q

Tetracycline

A

Doxycycline

63
Q

Doxycycline

A

A tetracycline used in penicillin allergy and chlamydia.

64
Q

Glycopeptides (2)

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

65
Q

Vancomycin

A

A glycopeptide good for C. Diff.

66
Q

Teicoplanin

A

A glycopeptide used for C. Diff.

67
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

68
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside reserves for G neg sepsis due to its nephrotoxicity

69
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin

70
Q

Erythromycin

A

A macrolide with good intracellular penetration

71
Q

Quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

72
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone that inhibits DNA gyrase with a high C. Diff risk

73
Q

Trimethoprim MoA

A

Inhibition of folic acid synthesis in UTIs

74
Q

Co-trimoxazole

A

Trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole used in PCP and MRSA

75
Q

Trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole used in PCP and MRSA

A

Co-trimoxazole

76
Q

Azoles

A

Inhibit cell membrane synthesis to act as an antifungal

77
Q

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa action