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Maddie’s Semester Two > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Define sepsis. (3)

A

A dysregulated host response to infection that causes life threatening organ dysfunction.

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2
Q

Describe 4 features of a seriously ill patient that would make you more likely to suspect sepsis. (4)

A

Age < 1 year.
Impaired immunity
Recent surgery / trauma / skin breaks
Indwelling lines / catheters / devices.

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3
Q

Describe the sepsis 6 for paediatric patients. (7)

A 
Give high flow oxygen 
Take blood cultures (get IV or IO access) 
Give IV antibiotics 
CONSIDER IV fluids based on lactate
Involve senior clinicians early 
Consider inotropic support
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4
Q

Give six characteristics of a child that would cause minor concern, and result in an EWS score of 1. (6)

A 
Audible wheeze
Mild costal recession
Long term steroids 
Diabetes
Ex-premie
Any syndromic condition
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5
Q

Give four characteristics of a child that would cause major concern, and result in an EWS score of 2. (4)

A

Stridor
Severe costal recession
Oncology patient
Congenital heart disease

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6
Q

Name three physical barriers to infection. (3)

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Bronchial cilia

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7
Q

Name three physiological barriers to infection. (3)

A

Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Coughing

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8
Q

Name two chemical barriers to infection. (2)

A 
Low pH (vagina, stomach)
Antimicrobial agents
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9
Q

Name three features of normal flora that help to fight infection. (3)

A

Competition for nutrition
Production of antimicrobials
Synthesis of vitamins

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10
Q

Staph aureus

A

Gram positive cocci

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11
Q

Staph epidermis

A

Gram positive cocci

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12
Q

Strep pneumoniae

A

Gram positive cocci

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13
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Gram positive cocci

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14
Q

Enterococci faecalis

A

Gram positive cocci

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15
Q

Gram positive cocci found normally on the skin, that can also be highly penicillin resistant.

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

A coagulate negative cocci that is gram positive.

A

Staph epidermis

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17
Q

Alpha haemolytic cocci that is gram positive.

A

Strep pneumoniae

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18
Q

Beta haemolytic cocci that is gram positive.

A

Strep pyogenes

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19
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram positive bacilli

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20
Q

Bacillus antracis

A

Gram positive bacilli

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21
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Gram positive bacilli

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22
Q

Gram positive bacilli that can cause listeriosis.

A

Listeria monocytogenes.

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23
Q

Gram positive bacilli that is developed from cattle, also known as anthrax.

A

Bacillus antracis

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24
Q

Gram positive bacilli that is spore-forming.

A

Clostridium difficile

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25
Two antibiotic classes used to treat gram positive cocci.
Penicillins | Carbopenems
26
Two antibiotic classes used to treat gram negative cocci.
Cephalosporin | Quinolone
27
Neisseria meningitidis
Gram negative cocci
28
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Gram negative cocci
29
Acinetobacter baumannii
Gram negative cocci
30
Gram negative cocci that can cause meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis
31
Gram negative cocci that can cause septic arthritis and gonorrhoea.
Neisseria gonorrhoea
32
Gram negative cocci that is a common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia in the immunosuppressed.
Acinetobacter baumannii
33
Escherichia coli
Gram negative bacilli
34
Salmonella typhi
Gram negative bacilli
35
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram negative bacilli
36
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram negative bacilli
37
Gram negative bacilli that produces vitamin K in the small intestine, but can cause food poisoning.
Escherichia Coli.
38
Gram negative bacilli that causes typhoid fever.
Salmonella typhi
39
Gram negative bacilli that commonly causes ITU sepsis as an opportunistic pathogen that is naturally antibiotically resistant.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
40
Gram negative bacilli that causes pneumonia and is vaccinated against.
Haemophilus influenzae
41
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A bacilli that can appear as gram negative or positive.
42
A bacilli that can appear as either gram negative or gram positive
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
43
A unicellular fungi that causes thrush.
Candida albicans
44
Candida albicans
A yeast that causes thrush.
45
A Protozoa that causes malaria.
Plasmodium falciparum
46
Plasmodium falciparum
A Protozoa that causes malaria
47
Aspergillus
A species of mould
48
Giardia lamblia
A Protozoa that can cause diarrhoea
49
Describe the sepsis 6.
``` Give empiric IV antibiotics Give high flow oxygen Give IV fluid resuscitation Take blood for culture Take serum lactate Take accurate urine output measurement ```
50
Name the five classes of beta lactams
``` Penicillin Beta lactamase inhibitors Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams ```
51
Name three penicillins
Penicillin Amoxicillin Flucloxicillin
52
Amoxicillin
A penicillin
53
Flucloxicllin
A penicillin
54
Co-amoxiclav
A beta lactamase inhibitor
55
Name three beta lactamase inhibitors
Co-amoxiclav Piperacillin Tazobactam
56
Piperacillin
A beta lactamase inhibitor
57
Tazobactam
A beta lactamase inhibitor
58
Cephalosporin
Ceftriaxone
59
Ceftriaxone
A cephalosporin with good action in the CSF
60
Carbapenem
Meropenem
61
Meropenem
Carbapenem that is the UHL first choice in sepsis
62
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
63
Doxycycline
A tetracycline used in penicillin allergy and chlamydia.
64
Glycopeptides (2)
Vancomycin | Teicoplanin
65
Vancomycin
A glycopeptide good for C. Diff.
66
Teicoplanin
A glycopeptide used for C. Diff.
67
Aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
68
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside reserves for G neg sepsis due to its nephrotoxicity
69
Macrolides
Erythromycin
70
Erythromycin
A macrolide with good intracellular penetration
71
Quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
72
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolone that inhibits DNA gyrase with a high C. Diff risk
73
Trimethoprim MoA
Inhibition of folic acid synthesis in UTIs
74
Co-trimoxazole
Trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole used in PCP and MRSA
75
Trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole used in PCP and MRSA
Co-trimoxazole
76
Azoles
Inhibit cell membrane synthesis to act as an antifungal
77
Metronidazole
Anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa action

Maddie’s Semester Two (1 decks)

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