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Top 100 Drugs > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

(Amino-glycosides)

A

Binds irreversibly to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. Enters bacteria via oxygen-dependant transport system, so inactive against Staphlyococci and anaerobes
✓ Gram negative aerobic bacteria

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2
Q

Gentamicin

A 
(Amino-glycosides)  
Severe sepsis 
Pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infection 
Biliary or intra-abdominal sepsis 
Endocarditis
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3
Q

Amikacin

A 
(Amino-glycosides)  
Severe sepsis 
Pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infection 
Biliary or intra-abdominal sepsis 
Endocarditis
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4
Q

Neomycin

A

(Topical Amino-glycosides)

Bacterial eye/skin/external ear infection

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5
Q

(Anti-fungal drugs)

A

Fungal cell membrane contains ergosterol not present in animal cells. Anti-fungals either target or inhibit production of ergosterol.
✖Pregnancy

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6
Q

Nystatin

A

(Anti-fungal drugs)
Local fungal infections (including oropharynx, vagina, skin)
Invasive or disseminated fungal infections

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7
Q

Clotrimazole

A

(Anti-fungal drugs)
Local fungal infections (including oropharynx, vagina, skin)
Invasive or disseminated fungal infections

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8
Q

Fluconazole

A

(Anti-fungal drugs)
Local fungal infections (including oropharynx, vagina, skin)
Invasive or disseminated fungal infections

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9
Q

(Aciclovir)

A

Enters herpes cells and inhibit herpes-specific DNA polymerase, preventing DNA synthesis and replication.

Treatment of acute or recurrent herpes simplex infection

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10
Q

(Cephalosporins and carbapenems)

A

Bactericidal effects due to beta-lactam ring. Inhibits enzymes for cross-linkage of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
✓Gram-negative bacteria
✓ Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

Cefalexin

A

(Cephalosporins)
Urinary + respiratory tract infections
Severe/complicated infections or caused by resistant organisms

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12
Q

Cefotaxime

A

(Cephalosporins)
Urinary + respiratory tract infections
Severe/complicated infections or caused by resistant organisms

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13
Q

Meropenem

A

(Carbapenems)

Severe/complicated infections or caused by resistant organisms

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14
Q

Ertapenem

A

(Carbapenems)

Severe/complicated infections or caused by resistant organisms

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15
Q

(Chloramphenicol)

A

Binds to bacterial ribosomes inhibiting protein synthesis.
✓ Gram positive and gram negative
✓ Aerobic and aerobic
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Otitis externa
*Limited use in UK due to its high toxicity

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16
Q

(Macrolides)

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit of bacteria ribosome.
✓ Gram positive and gram negative (broad spectrum)

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17
Q

Clarithromycin

A

(Macrolides)
Treatment of respiratory, skin and soft tissue infections as alternative to penicillin
Severe pneumonia
H. pylori in combination with proton pump inhibitor + amoxillin or metronidazole

18
Q

Erythromycin

A

(Macrolides)
Treatment of respiratory, skin and soft tissue infections as alternative to penicillin
Severe pneumonia
H. pylori in combination with proton pump inhibitor + amoxillin or metronidazole

19
Q

Azithromycin

A

(Macrolides)
Treatment of respiratory, skin and soft tissue infections as alternative to penicillin
Severe pneumonia
H. pylori in combination with proton pump inhibitor + amoxillin or metronidazole

20
Q

(Metronidazole)

A

In anerobic bacteria, metronidazoleenters via diffusion and generates nitroso free radical causing widespread DNA damage. Ineffective agains aerobic bacteria
✓ Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

Antibiotic associated colitis
Oral infections
Surgical and gynaecological infections
Protozoal infections

21
Q

(Nitrofurantoin)

A

Nitrofurantoin reduced by bacteria forming nitrofuran reductase. This active metabolite damages DNA and causes cell death.
✓Main organisms causing uncomplicated UTIs (e.g. E.coli, Staph saprophyticus)

Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection
Prophylaxis of UTI patients with recurrent infections

22
Q

(Penicillins)

A

Penicillin inhibit enzymes involved in peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacterial cell walls. Leads to osmotic dysregulation and cell lysis.

✓Narrow antibiotic spectrum against gram positive and gram negative organisms

23
Q

Benzlypenicillin

A 
(Penicillins) 
Streptococcal infection (e.g. tonsillitis, pneumonia, endocarditis) 
Meningococcal infection (Meningitis, septicaemia) 
Clostridial infection (e.g. gas gangrene)
24
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

A 
(Penicillins) 
Streptococcal infection (e.g. tonsillitis, pneumonia, endocarditis) 
Meningococcal infection (Meningitis, septicaemia) 
Clostridial infection (e.g. gas gangrene)
25
Q

(Penicillin, antipseudomonal)

A

Penicillin inhibit enzymes involved in peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacterial cell walls. Leads to osmotic dysregulation and cell lysis.

✓Broad spectrum activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria

26
Q

Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)

A

(Penicillin, antipseudomonal)
Reserved for severe infections involving broad spectrum of potential pathogens or where resistance is likely

Lower respiratory tract infections
Urinary tract infections
Intra-abdominal sepsis
Skin and soft tissue infections

27
Q

(Penicillin, broad spectrum)

A

Penicillin inhibit enzymes involved in peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacterial cell walls. Leads to osmotic dysregulation and cell lysis.

✓Broad spectrum activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria

28
Q

Amoxicillin

A

(Penicillin, broad spectrum)
Uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis and UTIs
H. pylori infection (part of triple therapy)

29
Q

Co-amoxiclav

A

(Penicillin, broad spectrum)
Uncomplicated community acquired pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis and UTIs
H. pylori infection (part of triple therapy)
Severe, resistant hospital acquired infections

30
Q

(Quinine)

A

Reduces excitability of motor end plate in response to acetylcholine stimulation. In malaria, it causes rapid killing of Plasmodium falciparum parasites.

31
Q

Quinine sulfate

A

(Quinine)
Treatment and prevention of leg cramps
Treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria

32
Q

(Quinolones)

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis.

✓Broad spectrum activity especially towards gram negative bacteria

33
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

(Quinolones)
Urinary tract infection
Severe gastroneteritis
Lower respiratory tract infection

34
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

(Quinolones)
Urinary tract infection
Severe gastroneteritis
Lower respiratory tract infection

35
Q

Levofloxacin

A

(Quinolones)
Urinary tract infection
Severe gastroneteritis
Lower respiratory tract infection

36
Q

(Tetracyclines)

A

Binds to ribosomal 30S subunit to inhibit bacteria protein synthesis.
✓Broad spectrum activity against gram positive and negatives. However, emerging bacterial resistance

37
Q

Doxycycline

A

(Tetracyclines)
Acne vulgaris
Lower respiratory tract infections (incl. infective exacerbation of COPD, typical/atypical pneumonia)
Pelvic inflammatory disease

38
Q

Lymecycline

A

(Tetracyclines)
Acne vulgaris
Lower respiratory tract infections (incl. infective exacerbation of COPD, typical/atypical pneumonia)
Pelvic inflammatory disease

39
Q

(Trimethoprim)

A

Bacteria cannot use external sources of folate otherwise needed for DNA synthesis. Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis.
✖1st trimester of pregnancy

Acute lower urinary tract infection
Prophylaxis of recurrent UTI

40
Q

Co-trimoxazole

A

(Trimethoprim)
Acute lower urinary tract infection
Prophylaxis of recurrent UTI

41
Q

(Vancomycin)

A

Inhibits growth and cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains that in turn inhibit synthesis of cell wall in gram positive bacteria. Ineffective against gram negative bacteria.
✓Narrow spectrum of activity amongst gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive infections (e.g. Endocarditis)
Antibiotic associated colitis

Top 100 Drugs (11 decks)

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