Infection and Host Resistance

Question 1

association between two (or more) species. Meaning “living together,”

Answer 1

Symbiosis

Question 2

in which both members of the association
living together benefit from the relationship

Answer 2

mutualism

Question 3

One organism benefits while the host is harmed

Answer 3

PARASITISM

Question 4

Include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths

Answer 4

Parasites

Question 5

Cause minimal harm to the host to maintain their own survival

Answer 5

Successful parasites

Question 6

One species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited

Answer 6

COMMENSALISM

Question 7

Microbes occupying space prevent harmful microbes from colonizing, indirectly benefiting the host

Answer 7

Microbial competition

Question 8

A situation where both species harm each other without
benefiting

Answer 8

Antagonism

Question 9

Microorganisms are present on surfaces, objects, or body tissues

Answer 9

Contamination

Question 10

The multiplication of parasitic organisms within or on a host’s body

Answer 10

Infection

Question 11

Refers to the presence of larger parasites like worms or arthropods on the body

Answer 11

Infestation

Question 12

A disturbance in health that occurs when an infection disrupts the
normal functioning of the body

Answer 12

Disease

Question 13

Some infections cause no observable effect on the host

Answer 13

Infection without disease

Question 14

Commensals cause no harm; parasites can invade tissues

Answer 14

Commensals vs. parasites

Question 15

Occurs when the infection results in observable health disturbances, with effects ranging from mild to severe

Answer 15

Disease from infection

Question 16

Characterized by changes in the host that interfere with normal function

Answer 16

Illness

Question 17

Examples include a common cold where symptoms resolve without lasting effects

Answer 17

Reversible disease

Question 18

Examples include untreated trachoma leading to
permanent vision impairment or untreated streptococcal infections causing irreversible heart or kidney damage

Answer 18

Irreversible disease

Question 19

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 19

Tuberculosis

Question 20

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus)

Answer 20

Strep Throat

Question 21

Caused by Vibrio cholerae

Answer 21

Cholera

Question 22

Common bacterial agents include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 22

Pneumonia

Question 23

Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi (transmitted by ticks)

Answer 23

Lyme Disease

Question 24

Caused by Clostridium tetani

Answer 24

Tetanus

Question 25

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 25

Gonorrhea

Question 26

Caused by Treponema pallidum

Answer 26

Syphilis

Question 27

Commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Answer 27

Urinary Tract Infections

Question 28

CLASSIFICATION OF HOSTS

Answer 28

* Definitive * Intermediate * Paratenic * Reservoir

Question 29

Parasites’ relationship with the host

Answer 29

* Obligate * Facultative * Incidental/accidental * Intermittent/temporary * Permanent

Question 30

Caused by Plasmodium species (e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax), transmitted by mosquitoes

Answer 30

Malaria

Question 31

Caused by Giardia lamblia (affects the intestines)

Answer 31

Giardiasis

Question 32

Caused by Entamoeba histolytica (intestinal infection, often resulting in diarrhea).

Answer 32

Amoebiasis

Question 33

Caused by Toxoplasma gondii (often transmitted by cats or contaminated food)

Answer 33

Toxoplasmosis

Question 34

Caused by Leishmania species, transmitted by sandflies.

Answer 34

Leishmaniasis

Question 35

Caused by Trypanosoma brucei, transmitted by the tsetse fly

Answer 35

Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

Question 36

Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by the triatomine bug (kissing bug)

Answer 36

Chagas Disease