Microbial Disease of the Different Organ Systems

Question 1

Acidic, lipid-rich secretion discourages pathogens

Answer 1

Sebum

Question 2

Contains high salt, organic substances, and reduces pH

Answer 2

Sweat

Question 3

Glycoprotein-rich secretion trapping pathogens, preventing drying and cracking

Answer 3

Mucus

Question 4

Infection of hair follicles, includes pimples and
sties. Severe cases include boils (furuncles) and
carbuncles

Answer 4

Folliculitis

Question 5

Exotoxins cause skin peeling,
common in infants, can lead to septicemia

Answer 5

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Question 6

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes with
erythrogenic toxins; leads to rash and complications like
rheumatic fever

Answer 6

Scarlet Fever

Question 7

Bright red, sharply defined lesions; may lead to severe complications

Answer 7

Erysipelas

Question 8

Highly contagious, affects children, treated easily
with antibiotics

Answer 8

Impetigo

Question 9

Caused by Propionibacterium acnes, worsened by hormonal changes

Answer 9

Acne

Question 10

cause of Rubella

Answer 10

Togavirus

Question 11

symptoms of Rubella

Answer 11

Mild skin rash on the trunk (16–21 days post-infection),
arthritis/joint pain in adult women

Question 12

transmission of Rubella

Answer 12

Nasal secretions, highly contagious, especially among
children 5–14

Question 13

prevention of Rubella

Answer 13

MMR vaccine; avoid immunization during pregnancy

Question 14

cause of Measles

Answer 14

Paramyxovirus

Question 15

symptoms of Measles

Answer 15

Fever, Koplik’s spots, red raised rash spreading from forehead to extremities

Question 16

transmission of Measles

Answer 16

Respiratory droplets; highly contagious

Question 17

prevention of Measles

Answer 17

MMR vaccine (90% population immunity needed for eradication)

Question 18

cause of Roseola

Answer 18

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

Question 19

symptoms of Roseola

Answer 19

High fever, rose-colored rash post-fever

Question 20

transmission of Roseola

Answer 20

Saliva

Question 21

cause of Chickenpox and Shingles

Answer 21

Varicella-zoster virus

Question 22

symptoms of Chickenpox

Answer 22

Cyclic rose-colored lesions, fever, malaise

Question 23

symptoms of Shingles

Answer 23

Painful nerve lesions in a girdle-like pattern

Question 24

prevention of Chickenpox and Shingles

Answer 24

Varicella vaccine (childhood); Zostavax (shingles
booster)

Question 25

cause of Smallpox

Answer 25

Variola virus

Question 26

prevention of Smallpox

Answer 26

Vaccination programs played a key role in elimination

Question 27

cause of Cowpox

Answer 27

Vaccinia virus

Question 28

symptoms of Cowpox

Answer 28

Lesions, inflamed lymph nodes, fever; progressive cases resemble smallpox

Question 29

transmission of Cowpox

Answer 29

Contact with infected cattle

Question 30

treatment of Cowpox

Answer 30

Methisazone for progressive cases

Question 31

cause of Monkeypox

Answer 31

Orthopoxvirus

Question 32

symptoms of Monkeypox

Answer 32

Similar to smallpox

Question 33

prevention of Monkeypox

Answer 33

Smallpox vaccination provides cross-protection

Question 34

cause of Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 34

Molluscum contagiosum virus

Question 35

symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 35

Pearly, painless, tumorlike growths

Question 36

transmission of Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 36

Direct contact or fomites (e.g., gym equipment)

Question 37

treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum

Answer 37

Removal via chemicals or freezing

Question 38

cause of Warts

Answer 38

Human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 39

types of Warts

Answer 39

Skin, genital, respiratory, oral

Question 40

prevention of Warts

Answer 40

Gardasil vaccine (protects against cancer-causing HPV strains)

Question 41

treatment of Warts

Answer 41

Cryotherapy, chemicals, surgery; recurrence common

Question 42

cause of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 42

Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 43

transmission of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 43

From the birth canal during delivery; also via hands or fomites

Question 44

symptoms of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 44

Pus-filled infection, keratitis, corneal perforation, potential blindness

Question 45

prevention of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 45

1% silver nitrate or antibiotic drops after birth

Question 46

treatment of Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 46

Tetracycline or erythromycin (effective against gonococci and chlamydias)

Question 47

cause of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)

Answer 47

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas spp., or Haemophilus influenzae

Question 48

transmission of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)

Answer 48

Direct contact, gnats, sharing towels or cosmetics

Question 49

symptoms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)

Answer 49

Red, itchy, runny eyes; eyelids crusted shut in the morning

Question 50

treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye

Answer 50

Sulfonamide ointments or erythromycin; strict hygiene recommended

Question 51

cause of Trachoma

Answer 51

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 52

symptoms of Trachoma

Answer 52

Swollen, pebbled conjunctiva, inward-turning eyelashes, scarring, blindness

Question 53

transmission of Trachoma

Answer 53

Flies as vectors, close contact (e.g., mother-child)

Question 54

prevention of Trachoma

Answer 54

Global eradication efforts are ongoing

Question 55

cause of Loaiasis

Answer 55

Loa loa