Infection and Response Flashcards
(9 cards)
TMV can cause plants to produce less chlorophyll.
This causes leaf discoloration.
Explain why plants with TMV have stunted growth.
- less photosynthesis because of lack of chlorophyll
- therefore less glucose made
so - less energy released for growth
- because glucose is needed for respiration
and / or - therefore less amino acids / proteins / cellulose for growth
- because glucose is needed for making amino acids / proteins / cellulose
What are the steps of phagocytosis?
1) tracks down and binds to pathogen
2) membrane surrounds pathogen and engulfs
3) enzymes in the pathogen break it down
Give 3 drawbacks of vaccination
1) could have side effects
2) could rarely get severe side effects
3) don’t always give full immunity to the disease
How can we reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance?
1) take entire course of prescribed antibiotics
2) only take/prescribe them when necessary
3) don’t give as many to farm animals
Why is it important for medical trials to be double blind?
1) avoids bias
2) if they know they have the drug they are more likely to report side effects
3) researcher may pay closer attention to those who had the drug
Give 4 uses of monoclonal antibodies
1) diagnosis e.g. pregnancy tests
2) in labs to measure the hormone levels and other chemical levels in the blood to detect pathogens
3) in research to locate or identify specific molecules by binding to them with fluorescent dye
4) to treat diseases
What are the 3 main causes of plant disease?
1) infection by microorganisms
2) attack from larger organisms
3) lack of essential minerals
What are the 7 symptoms of plant disease?
1) stunted growth
2) spots on leaves
3) areas of decay
4) growths
5) malformed stems/leaves
6) discolouration
7) pests
What are 5 ways in which plant diseases can be identified?
1) compare symptoms to gardening manual/website
2) take infected leaves to laboratory (plant pathologist)
3) use test kits containing monoclonal antibodies
4) test DNA of pathogens
5) trial and error
