Infection Control

Question 1

normal flora

Answer 1

microorganisms that live on another organism that don’t cause disease.

Question 2

pathogens

Answer 2

bacterium virus or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 3

virulence

Answer 3

degree of pathology caused by the organism; extent of virulence is usually correlated with the ability of pathogen to multiply within the host.

Question 4

sepsis

Answer 4

life threatening organ disfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection.

Question 5

colonization

Answer 5

proliferation of microorganism on or within body site without detectable host immune response; no cellular damage or clinical expression.

Question 6

infection

Answer 6

invasion of microorganisms in the body.

Question 7

3 elements of transmission

Answer 7

source, susceptible host, way for pathogen to travel from source to host

Question 8

requirements for infection

Answer 8

1. existence of pathogen
2. source of pathogen
3. means to leave source
4. mode of travel
5. way to enter host
6. susceptible host

Question 9

infectious agents

Answer 9

bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, prions

Question 10

bacteria

Answer 10

one celled organism

Question 11

virus

Answer 11

nucleic acid in protein shell

Question 12

fungi

Answer 12

single/multi celled (yeast, mold, mushrooms)

Question 13

parasite

Answer 13

organism lives within, upon, or at expense of another organism (host) and causes harm.

Question 14

prions

Answer 14

disease producing protein without nucleic acid

Question 15

nosociomial infection

Answer 15

hospital related infection

Question 16

increased risk for nosocomial infection

Answer 16

More invasive procedures

Internally placed medical devices

Frequent healthcare personnel contact

In patients with compromised health

Question 17

most common pathogen

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 18

impetigo, toxic shock

Question 19

Escherichia coli

Answer 19

foods

Question 20

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 20

Water borne bacteria; burn patients

Question 21

resistent organisms

Answer 21

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), VISA (vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus), VRE, C-diff, MDROs

Question 22

MRSA

Answer 22

Contact transmission

Abscess

Purulent exudate-like a “head” or point

Can spread to circulatory system (sepsis) or to lungs causing pneumonia

Question 23

VISA

Answer 23

contact transmission

Question 24

VRE

Answer 24

contact and oral-fecal transmission

Question 25

c-diff

Answer 25

Spore-forming bacteria Contact and oral-fecal transmission Frequently been on antibiotic regime Severe diarrhea--> dehydration-->osmotic imbalance

Question 26

MDROs

Answer 26

resistant to one or more antibiotics

Question 27

contact transmission

Answer 27

Oral-fecal Direct: touch infection Indirect: infected person touches door and uninfected person touches the same door.

Question 28

droplet transmission

Answer 28

Droplets larger than 5um in size Coughing, bronchoscopy, suction Don’t travel as far. Tend to settle into upper respiratory system

Question 29

airborne transmission

Answer 29

Droplets 5 um in size or smaller Can travel farther Can travel deeper into the respiratory system

Question 30

common vehicle transmission

Answer 30

Single source where many people get infected Common source among group of people (eating same food, drinking same water, same blood supply for transfusion)

Question 31

standard precautions

Answer 31

1. hand hygiene 2. PPE 3. proper handlikng of used linens 4. proper handling and disposal of sharps 5. use of hazardous waste bags and proper waste disposal 6. proper handling and disinfection of patient-care equipment 7. cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces. 

Question 32

isolation precautions

Answer 32

tier 1: standard precautions tier 2: standard precautions and transmission-based precautions

Question 33

transmission based precautions

Answer 33

Contact: objects and surfaces wash hands b4 and after and gloves Droplets: masks, goggles/face shield, gown, and gloves Airborne: negative pressure room (door closed, ventilation takes air out, air in through bottom of door), N95 respirator Enhanced: combo of all precautions

Question 34

host factors

Answer 34

age, underlying disease, meds, breaks in lines of defense, use of medical equipment

Question 35

donning order

Answer 35

1. hand hygiene 2. gown 3. face mask/respirator 4. goggles/face shield 5. gloves

Question 36

doffing order

Answer 36

1. gloves 2. goggles/face shield 3. gown 4. mask/respirator 5. hand hygiene

Question 37

medical aseptic

Answer 37

Sterile gloves and technique May use mask, gown, head cover Creating and maintaining sterile field