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RadReview Patient Care > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are three goals of infection control?

A

Reduce risk of health care workers acquiring infection; Reduce incident of transmitting health care worker flora to patients; Reduce transmission of infectious pathogens from patient to patient

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2
Q

What are the three types of infections?

A

Nosocomial infection; Iatrogenic infection (type of nosocomial); Community-acquired infection

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3
Q

What are nosocomial infections?

A

Originates from hospital

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4
Q

What are common nosocomial infection sites?

A

Blood stream (venous access devices) & urinary tract (catheters); wounds after surgery or respiratory tract infections

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5
Q

What are major microorganism groups?

A

Bacteria, fungi, viruses & parasites

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6
Q

What is bacteria? Example?

A

Microscopic, single-celled organisms; endospores; TB/Strep throat

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7
Q

What is fungi? Example?

A

Macroscopic or microscopic; Yeasts: source of vitamins & minerals/ produce beer/wine; Molds: primary source of material for production of antibiotic drugs & flavor for cheeses; Thrush from yeast

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8
Q

What are parasites? Example?

A

Organisms that live on or in other organisms at expense of host organ; can be plant or animal

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9
Q

What are viruses? Example?

A

Smallest microorganism to produce disease; genetic material either DNA OR RNA; requires host cell; Influenza, cold, mumps, measles, hepatitis

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10
Q

What are the five elements needed to transmit infections?

A

Infectious agents > Reservoir/environment > Portal of exit > means of transmission > Portal of entry

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11
Q

What are two main means of transmission?

A

Indirect: touching objects (fomites) that have been contaminated by infectious person; Direct: Contact w/infectious secretions that come from eyes, nose or mouth of host as they cough, sneeze or talk

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12
Q

What are some types of transmission?

A

Vehicles: transport infection (food, water, drugs, contaminated blood); Airborne: residue from evaporated droplets suspended in air for long periods of time; Vectors: Insect or animal carriers of disease

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13
Q

What makes the disease process?

A

Incubation stage > Prodromal stage > Full Disease stage > Convalescent stage

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14
Q

What is HIV/AIDS?

A

Retrovirus; Destroys host cell & replicates while infecting other cells; HIV results in AIDS; 5 phases

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15
Q

What is viral hepatitis (Definition & types)?

A

Inflammation of liver cells; 5 RNA viruses: Fecal route (A & E) & Blood/body fluid (B, C, D, G); B & C through needle stick w/ C most common

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16
Q

What is TB?

A

Tuberculosis; recurrent/chronic disease caused by myobacterium tuberculosis; in lungs

17
Q

What is Pulmonary TB?

A

Asymptomatic; onset & early stages go unnoticed

18
Q

What is MRSA (definition & common pts)?

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (Super bug); nursing home pts, dialysis patients, aged & debilitated, ICU pts, any pt hospitalized for long periods of time

19
Q

What is C-diff?

A

Clostridium difficle; spore-forming bacteria that releases toxins into bowal (resistant to disinfectants; spread by hands)

20
Q

What is medical asepsis?

A

Microorganisms eliminated through water, soap, friction & various chemical disinfectants

21
Q

What is surgical asepsis?

A

Microorganisms & spores completely destroyed by means of heat or chemical process

22
Q

What is disinfection? What is antiseptic?

A

Disinfection: Removal of pathogenic microorganisms from objects; Antiseptic: removal on body surfaces

23
Q

What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?

A

Before & after touching pt; Before & after procedure; After touching pts surroundings

24
Q

How long should hands be washed?

A

At least 15 seconds

25
Q

What is PPE?

A

Personal Protective Equipment; Gloves, gown, mask, shield

26
Q

What is Standard Precaution?

A

Based on assumption that every patient has potential of having infectious disease

27
Q

What is the 2-tier standard precaution system?

A

Tier 1: Standard; Tier 2: Transmission Based Precautions

28
Q

What are the three Transmission Based Precautions?

A

Airborne, Contact, Droplet

29
Q

What is airborne isolation? Example?

A

Microbes spread on evaporated droplets suspended in air or carried on dust particles in air may be inhaled by persons in room or air space; TB, chicken pox, measles

30
Q

What are airborne precautions?

A

Closed door, negative pressure isolation room, pt wears surgical mask, healthcare worker wears N95 respiratory mask

31
Q

What are droplet precautions? Example?

A

Droplets contaminated w/ pathogenic microorganisms in air from infected person w/ droplet borne infection; sneeze, cough & talking; Rubella, pneumonia, mumps, influenza

32
Q

How far should people stand from droplet patients?

A

3 feet

33
Q

What are two types of contact spread? What disease could be transmitted?

A

Direct & indirect contact; C-diff, rotavirus, MRSA, Hep A

34
Q

What are contact precautions?

A

Private room, gloves before and after being in room, gown

35
Q

What are expanded precautions?

A

Reverse/Protective isolation; Strict isolation: No visitors w/ sickness, gown/gloves/mask

RadReview Patient Care (10 decks)

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