Urologic/GI Procedures Flashcards
What are two urologic radiographic procedures?
Cystography, Retrograde pyelography
What is Cystography?
Radiographic imaging of urinary bladder; utilizes fluoroscopy to visualize bladder as it fills and empties
What changes can be seen in cystography?
Pathological Changes: tumors inside/outside bladder, trauma or vesicouretral reflux (abnormal backflow of urine into ureters); Anatomic changes
What are three cystographic procedures?
Cystourethrography (bladder & urethra); Voiding cystography (ability to empty bladder); Voiding cystourethrography (urethra visualized while voiding)
What prep do patients need before cystograms?
Restrict intake of fluid several hours before procedure (prevents dilution of contrast by urine in bladder)
How much is the bladder filled in cystograms?
Adult: 200 - 300mL; Peds: 50 - 100mL
What is Retrograde Pyelography?
RP; Visualize proximal ureters & kidneys after administration of iodinated contrast; Assess ureters for obstruction, stricture, tumor, stone, scarring, etc.
RP Procedure
Patient in modified lithotomy position; Contrast through catheter, inserted into ureter from bladder w/cystoscope; Usually one side (If both, individually examined); Hour procedure
What are different types of contrast?
Negative (CO2, Air); Positive (Barium, iodine)
What is peritonitis caused by?
Break in gastric mucosa, barium can spread into peritoneal cavity
What exam comes first: Barium or iodine studies?
Barium is more dense than iodine so iodine should be first
How should patients of different age groups be prepped for lower GI exams?
Newborn - 2yrs: No prep; Up to 10yrs: low residue meal night before; Adults: NPO after midnight
What are different types of enema tips?
Plain, Tip w/inflatable cuff, Tip w/2 lumens (Inflatable & instillation of air)
How much barium is needed for a single contrast study?
1500mL @ room temp
What is a double contrast study?
Air placed into bowel after barium; For polyps & diverticula of bowel
